Undergrad Medicine Flashcards – Core Set
Anatomy & Physiology
Q: What is the main function of the SA node in the heart?
1. A: Acts as the primary pacemaker, initiating electrical impulses that set the heart rate
(~60–100 bpm).
Q: Name the cranial nerve responsible for smell.
2. A: Cranial Nerve I — Olfactory nerve.
Q: Which lung has three lobes?
3. A: The right lung (upper, middle, lower lobes).
Pharmacology
Q: What is the mechanism of action of beta-blockers?
4. A: They block β-adrenergic receptors, reducing heart rate, myocardial contractility, and
blood pressure.
Q: Which antibiotic class inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis?
5. A: Beta-lactams (e.g., penicillins, cephalosporins).
Q: Name a major side effect of aminoglycosides.
6. A: Ototoxicity or nephrotoxicity.
Pathology
Q: What is the most common cause of myocardial infarction?
7. A: Atherosclerotic plaque rupture leading to thrombus formation.
Q: Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is anaphylaxis?
8. A: Type I hypersensitivity (IgE-mediated).
Q: What is the hallmark histological feature of chronic inflammation?
9. A: Presence of macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells.
Clinical Medicine – Cardiology
Q: What murmur is associated with mitral regurgitation?
10. A: Pansystolic murmur, best heard at the apex, radiating to the axilla.
Anatomy & Physiology
Q: What is the main function of the SA node in the heart?
1. A: Acts as the primary pacemaker, initiating electrical impulses that set the heart rate
(~60–100 bpm).
Q: Name the cranial nerve responsible for smell.
2. A: Cranial Nerve I — Olfactory nerve.
Q: Which lung has three lobes?
3. A: The right lung (upper, middle, lower lobes).
Pharmacology
Q: What is the mechanism of action of beta-blockers?
4. A: They block β-adrenergic receptors, reducing heart rate, myocardial contractility, and
blood pressure.
Q: Which antibiotic class inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis?
5. A: Beta-lactams (e.g., penicillins, cephalosporins).
Q: Name a major side effect of aminoglycosides.
6. A: Ototoxicity or nephrotoxicity.
Pathology
Q: What is the most common cause of myocardial infarction?
7. A: Atherosclerotic plaque rupture leading to thrombus formation.
Q: Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is anaphylaxis?
8. A: Type I hypersensitivity (IgE-mediated).
Q: What is the hallmark histological feature of chronic inflammation?
9. A: Presence of macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells.
Clinical Medicine – Cardiology
Q: What murmur is associated with mitral regurgitation?
10. A: Pansystolic murmur, best heard at the apex, radiating to the axilla.
