Human Anatomy and Physiology Chapter
9 Questions and Answers Solved
excitability - Answer it can respond to a stimulus. the stimulus is a nervous impulse
contractibility - Answer if stimulated, it shortens and thickens
extensibility - Answer it has ability to stretch past its normal length
elasticity - Answer it can convert back to its normal shape and size if extended or contracted
smooth muscle - Answer involuntary, in walls of hollow visceral organs
forces fluids and other substances through internal body channels
elongated cells, no striations
cardiac muscle - Answer more branched than parallel, striated, intercalated disks, involuntary
skeletal muscle - Answer longest muscle cells, striated, voluntary, multinucleated, parallel arrangement
functions of muscle tissue - Answer motion, maintain posture, stabilize joints, generate heat
composition of skeletal muscle - Answer skeletal muscle fibers, blood vessels, nerve fibers, connective
tissue
needs continual delivery of oxygen and nutrients, metabolic waste disposal
direct attachment of muscle - Answer either periosteum or perichondrium does the attachment; the
epimysium of the muscle is fused to the periosteum of bone or perichondrium of cartilage
,indirect attachment of muscle - Answer connective tissue extending beyond end of muscle to the bone
i.e. tendons
tendon - Answer rope-like extension of connective tissue
aponeurosis - Answer where connective tissue is more like a flat sheet instead of rope-like i.e. palm of
your hand
attachment at 2 spots - Answer origin=attachment to immovable bone
insertion= attachment of muscle to moveable bone
connective tissue sheaths: epimysium - Answer "outside the muscle"; is an overcoat of dense irregular
connective tissue that surrounds the whole muscle
connective tissue sheaths: perimysium and fascicles - Answer within each skeletal muscle, the muscle
fibers are grouped into fascicles that resemble bundles of sticks
surrounding each fascicle is a layer of fibrous connective tissue called perimysium
connective tissue sheaths: endomysium - Answer wispy areolar connective tissue sheath surrounding
each individual muscle fiber
Fascicle - Answer a collection of muscle fibers/cells that will bundle together to make a muscle. Each
bundle is wrapped by a connective tissue sheath = the perimysium.
sarcolemma - Answer plasma membrane;the plasma membrane of a muscle cell. It is deep to the
endomysium.
sarcoplasm - Answer cytoplasm of a muscle cell contains glycosomes (granules of stored glycogen that
provide glucose during muscle cell activity) and myoglobin ( red pigment that stores oxygen)
, myofibrils - Answer rod-like structures that run parallel to the muscle fiber's length; account for 80% of
cellular volume; they contain the contractile elements of skeletal muscle cells, the sarcomeres which
contain even smaller structures known as myofilaments
glycosomes - Answer a vesicle inside the cell that contains glycogen. It is a storage vesicle. Muscle
contraction require energy, which comes from the break down of glycogen. Myoglobin - a pigment that
combine to Oxygen to preform glycogen breakdown
sarcoplasmic reticulum - Answer the smooth E.R. of the muscle cell. It is an elaborate system of tubules.
Generally runs the length of the myofibrils, but some of them are run at a perpendicular angel which are
called terminal cisterns; its interconnecting tubules surround each myofibril; regulates intracellular
levels of ionic calcium; it stores calcium and release it on demand
H Zone - Answer a lighter region at the midsection of a dark A band
M Line - Answer vertically bisects each H zone, is a dark line formed by molecules of protein myomesin
Z disc - Answer darker area that is the midline interruption of a light I band;
Sarcomere - Answer the region of a myofibril between two successive Z discs; the smallest contractile
unit of a muscle fiber-- the functional unit of skeletal muscle
myofilament - Answer muscle equivalents of actin-or myosin-containing microfilaments; banding pattern
of a myofibril; small structures within sarcomeres
thick filaments - Answer containing myosin (red) extend the entire length of an A band; connected in the
middle of a sarcomere at the M line
thin filaments - Answer contain actin (blue) extend across the I band and partway into the A band
Z disc composed of alpha-actinin anchors the thin filaments
intermediate (desmin) filaments - Answer extend from Z disc and connect each myofibril to the next
throughout the width of the muscle cell
9 Questions and Answers Solved
excitability - Answer it can respond to a stimulus. the stimulus is a nervous impulse
contractibility - Answer if stimulated, it shortens and thickens
extensibility - Answer it has ability to stretch past its normal length
elasticity - Answer it can convert back to its normal shape and size if extended or contracted
smooth muscle - Answer involuntary, in walls of hollow visceral organs
forces fluids and other substances through internal body channels
elongated cells, no striations
cardiac muscle - Answer more branched than parallel, striated, intercalated disks, involuntary
skeletal muscle - Answer longest muscle cells, striated, voluntary, multinucleated, parallel arrangement
functions of muscle tissue - Answer motion, maintain posture, stabilize joints, generate heat
composition of skeletal muscle - Answer skeletal muscle fibers, blood vessels, nerve fibers, connective
tissue
needs continual delivery of oxygen and nutrients, metabolic waste disposal
direct attachment of muscle - Answer either periosteum or perichondrium does the attachment; the
epimysium of the muscle is fused to the periosteum of bone or perichondrium of cartilage
,indirect attachment of muscle - Answer connective tissue extending beyond end of muscle to the bone
i.e. tendons
tendon - Answer rope-like extension of connective tissue
aponeurosis - Answer where connective tissue is more like a flat sheet instead of rope-like i.e. palm of
your hand
attachment at 2 spots - Answer origin=attachment to immovable bone
insertion= attachment of muscle to moveable bone
connective tissue sheaths: epimysium - Answer "outside the muscle"; is an overcoat of dense irregular
connective tissue that surrounds the whole muscle
connective tissue sheaths: perimysium and fascicles - Answer within each skeletal muscle, the muscle
fibers are grouped into fascicles that resemble bundles of sticks
surrounding each fascicle is a layer of fibrous connective tissue called perimysium
connective tissue sheaths: endomysium - Answer wispy areolar connective tissue sheath surrounding
each individual muscle fiber
Fascicle - Answer a collection of muscle fibers/cells that will bundle together to make a muscle. Each
bundle is wrapped by a connective tissue sheath = the perimysium.
sarcolemma - Answer plasma membrane;the plasma membrane of a muscle cell. It is deep to the
endomysium.
sarcoplasm - Answer cytoplasm of a muscle cell contains glycosomes (granules of stored glycogen that
provide glucose during muscle cell activity) and myoglobin ( red pigment that stores oxygen)
, myofibrils - Answer rod-like structures that run parallel to the muscle fiber's length; account for 80% of
cellular volume; they contain the contractile elements of skeletal muscle cells, the sarcomeres which
contain even smaller structures known as myofilaments
glycosomes - Answer a vesicle inside the cell that contains glycogen. It is a storage vesicle. Muscle
contraction require energy, which comes from the break down of glycogen. Myoglobin - a pigment that
combine to Oxygen to preform glycogen breakdown
sarcoplasmic reticulum - Answer the smooth E.R. of the muscle cell. It is an elaborate system of tubules.
Generally runs the length of the myofibrils, but some of them are run at a perpendicular angel which are
called terminal cisterns; its interconnecting tubules surround each myofibril; regulates intracellular
levels of ionic calcium; it stores calcium and release it on demand
H Zone - Answer a lighter region at the midsection of a dark A band
M Line - Answer vertically bisects each H zone, is a dark line formed by molecules of protein myomesin
Z disc - Answer darker area that is the midline interruption of a light I band;
Sarcomere - Answer the region of a myofibril between two successive Z discs; the smallest contractile
unit of a muscle fiber-- the functional unit of skeletal muscle
myofilament - Answer muscle equivalents of actin-or myosin-containing microfilaments; banding pattern
of a myofibril; small structures within sarcomeres
thick filaments - Answer containing myosin (red) extend the entire length of an A band; connected in the
middle of a sarcomere at the M line
thin filaments - Answer contain actin (blue) extend across the I band and partway into the A band
Z disc composed of alpha-actinin anchors the thin filaments
intermediate (desmin) filaments - Answer extend from Z disc and connect each myofibril to the next
throughout the width of the muscle cell
