Cardiovascular Physiology Exam Questions
with correct answers provided
Big Picture: The Cardiovascular System Provides 3 Fundamental Functionalities for Meeting the
Increased ATP Demands of Exercise - ✅✅1.) Transport
2.) Distribution
3.) Transfer of O2 & energy substrate to working and recovering muscle
-venous return carries CO2 to the lungs
Flow - ✅✅The fundamental phenomenon in the CV system and is always dependent on a gradient to
power it
Key Levels & Flows in the CV System - ✅✅
Key Loops in the CV System:
1. Cardiac Output~Venous Return
2.Systole~Diastole
3.Depolarization~Repolarization - ✅✅
Wigger's Diagram - ✅✅Organizes the events of the Cardiac Cycle
-Be able to describe the sequence of pressure and volume events for the left ventricle
-Associate the parallel electrical and auditory valve events
-Recognize that as heart rate increases the entire cardiac cycle must be shorter (less filling time)
, -The diastolic (filling) phase shortens disproportionately more than the systolic (ejection) phase and
diastole is also the phase for coronary blood flow
Compare & Contrast Myocardial Muscle Fibers & Skeletal Muscle Fibers - ✅✅
What is the significance of the phrase, "calcium-induced calcium release" - ✅✅
How is a myocardial action potential different from SA node pacemaker potential? - ✅✅
What ion flow is responsible for the plateau phase of the myocardial action potential? - ✅✅
Describe the main components of the intrinsic cardiac system and sequence of electrical events in the
cardiac cycle. - ✅✅
Relate the ECG wave forms to the cardiac electrical events Fig. 6.7 - ✅✅
The heart rate and contractility are also under the extrinsic influences of the sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous systems and the hormone epinephrine. - ✅✅
Be able to describe how the CV system is affected by these factors - ✅✅
What is the effect of "parasympathetic withdrawal" on the heart rate? - ✅✅
Central pump function for blood flow is characterized by cardiac output: CO=SV x HR - ✅✅Describe
each of these variables and their units for measurement
- Recall that SV=EDV-ESV
How do you calculate the ejection fraction? - ✅✅EF = (SV / EDV) ⋅ 100
with correct answers provided
Big Picture: The Cardiovascular System Provides 3 Fundamental Functionalities for Meeting the
Increased ATP Demands of Exercise - ✅✅1.) Transport
2.) Distribution
3.) Transfer of O2 & energy substrate to working and recovering muscle
-venous return carries CO2 to the lungs
Flow - ✅✅The fundamental phenomenon in the CV system and is always dependent on a gradient to
power it
Key Levels & Flows in the CV System - ✅✅
Key Loops in the CV System:
1. Cardiac Output~Venous Return
2.Systole~Diastole
3.Depolarization~Repolarization - ✅✅
Wigger's Diagram - ✅✅Organizes the events of the Cardiac Cycle
-Be able to describe the sequence of pressure and volume events for the left ventricle
-Associate the parallel electrical and auditory valve events
-Recognize that as heart rate increases the entire cardiac cycle must be shorter (less filling time)
, -The diastolic (filling) phase shortens disproportionately more than the systolic (ejection) phase and
diastole is also the phase for coronary blood flow
Compare & Contrast Myocardial Muscle Fibers & Skeletal Muscle Fibers - ✅✅
What is the significance of the phrase, "calcium-induced calcium release" - ✅✅
How is a myocardial action potential different from SA node pacemaker potential? - ✅✅
What ion flow is responsible for the plateau phase of the myocardial action potential? - ✅✅
Describe the main components of the intrinsic cardiac system and sequence of electrical events in the
cardiac cycle. - ✅✅
Relate the ECG wave forms to the cardiac electrical events Fig. 6.7 - ✅✅
The heart rate and contractility are also under the extrinsic influences of the sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous systems and the hormone epinephrine. - ✅✅
Be able to describe how the CV system is affected by these factors - ✅✅
What is the effect of "parasympathetic withdrawal" on the heart rate? - ✅✅
Central pump function for blood flow is characterized by cardiac output: CO=SV x HR - ✅✅Describe
each of these variables and their units for measurement
- Recall that SV=EDV-ESV
How do you calculate the ejection fraction? - ✅✅EF = (SV / EDV) ⋅ 100
