PATHO MIDTERM PRACTICE EXAM
2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Pathophysiology includes all of the following elements except:
a) etiology
b) clinical manifestations
c) mechanisms of pathogenesis
d) clinical management - ANS D
Understanding the epidemiology of a disease is essential for effective:
a) prevention
b) therapy
c) treatment
d) diagnosis - ANS A
Which of the following is an example of primary prevention?
a) Childhood immunization for communicable diseases
b) Routine Papanicolaou (Pap) smear o the cervix
c) Amniocentesis to detect genetic abnormality in the fetus
d) Range-of-motion exercises to reverse disuse atrophy in the stroke patient - ANS A
Examples of factors influencing epidemiologic patterns include all of the following except:
a) geographic location
b) occupation
c) socioeconomic status
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,d) political view - ANS D
Which of the following is an example of a clinical sign of disease?
a)Fatigue
b) Dizziness
c) Cough
d) Pain - ANS C
The development of heart failure from untreated hypertension would be an example of a/an
a) sequela
b) exacerbation
c) complication
d) chronic phase - ANS A
Evidence-based treatments are
a) derived from an understanding of pathophysiology
b) based on the results of sound clinical research
c) drawn from anecdotal reports about what treatment is effective
d) based on personal experience - ANS B
Which of the following findings would indicate that a patient may be experiencing a "fight-or-
flight" reaction to a stressor?
a) Constricted pupils
b) Low blood pressure
c) Increased heart rate
d) Frequent sighing or yawning - ANS C
In which of Selye's stages of stress response would a patient be if he or she were experiencing
gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to peptic ulcer disease?
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,a) Alarm
b) Resistance
c) Exhaustion
d) Illness - ANS C
A stressor that stimulates the release of endorphins in the central nervous system is likely to be
interpreted as
a) pleasurable
b) painful
c) unimportant
d) noxious - ANS A
Several hormones are released during stress and serve to increase blood glucose levels. These
include all of the following except
a) cortisol
b) growth hormone
c) epinephrine
d) testosterone - ANS D
Indicators that a person who is experiencing stress has achieved resistance include
a) elevated levels of serum cortisol
b) heart rate returned to baseline
c) sleepiness
d) absence of catecholamine secretion - ANS B
Behavioral indicators that coping is ineffective include all of the following except
a) sleeping more
b) major depression
c) inability to concentration
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, d) anorexia - ANS A
The effects of gender on the stress response are
a) greatest in the elderly
b) related to the effect of sex hormones
c) noncontributory
d) consistent across the lifespan - ANS B
Cortisol
a) is released from he anterior pituitary gland
b) has an anabolic effect on somatic muscle
c) promotes the creation of glucose from amino acids
d) increases lactate formation - ANS C
Growth hormone release is increased by stress, and one of its effects is
a) increased glucose availability
b) increased protein catabolism
c) decreased perception of stress
d) decreased endorphin release - ANS A
The lipids that form the cell membrane are amphipathic, meaning that they
a) are insoluble
b) have both water-soluble and lipid-soluble parts
c) evolved from amphibians
d) are synthesized from amino acids - ANS B
The lipid bilayer can form spontaneously in aqueous solution because
a) the charge on lipids causes them to attract
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2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Pathophysiology includes all of the following elements except:
a) etiology
b) clinical manifestations
c) mechanisms of pathogenesis
d) clinical management - ANS D
Understanding the epidemiology of a disease is essential for effective:
a) prevention
b) therapy
c) treatment
d) diagnosis - ANS A
Which of the following is an example of primary prevention?
a) Childhood immunization for communicable diseases
b) Routine Papanicolaou (Pap) smear o the cervix
c) Amniocentesis to detect genetic abnormality in the fetus
d) Range-of-motion exercises to reverse disuse atrophy in the stroke patient - ANS A
Examples of factors influencing epidemiologic patterns include all of the following except:
a) geographic location
b) occupation
c) socioeconomic status
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,d) political view - ANS D
Which of the following is an example of a clinical sign of disease?
a)Fatigue
b) Dizziness
c) Cough
d) Pain - ANS C
The development of heart failure from untreated hypertension would be an example of a/an
a) sequela
b) exacerbation
c) complication
d) chronic phase - ANS A
Evidence-based treatments are
a) derived from an understanding of pathophysiology
b) based on the results of sound clinical research
c) drawn from anecdotal reports about what treatment is effective
d) based on personal experience - ANS B
Which of the following findings would indicate that a patient may be experiencing a "fight-or-
flight" reaction to a stressor?
a) Constricted pupils
b) Low blood pressure
c) Increased heart rate
d) Frequent sighing or yawning - ANS C
In which of Selye's stages of stress response would a patient be if he or she were experiencing
gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to peptic ulcer disease?
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,a) Alarm
b) Resistance
c) Exhaustion
d) Illness - ANS C
A stressor that stimulates the release of endorphins in the central nervous system is likely to be
interpreted as
a) pleasurable
b) painful
c) unimportant
d) noxious - ANS A
Several hormones are released during stress and serve to increase blood glucose levels. These
include all of the following except
a) cortisol
b) growth hormone
c) epinephrine
d) testosterone - ANS D
Indicators that a person who is experiencing stress has achieved resistance include
a) elevated levels of serum cortisol
b) heart rate returned to baseline
c) sleepiness
d) absence of catecholamine secretion - ANS B
Behavioral indicators that coping is ineffective include all of the following except
a) sleeping more
b) major depression
c) inability to concentration
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, d) anorexia - ANS A
The effects of gender on the stress response are
a) greatest in the elderly
b) related to the effect of sex hormones
c) noncontributory
d) consistent across the lifespan - ANS B
Cortisol
a) is released from he anterior pituitary gland
b) has an anabolic effect on somatic muscle
c) promotes the creation of glucose from amino acids
d) increases lactate formation - ANS C
Growth hormone release is increased by stress, and one of its effects is
a) increased glucose availability
b) increased protein catabolism
c) decreased perception of stress
d) decreased endorphin release - ANS A
The lipids that form the cell membrane are amphipathic, meaning that they
a) are insoluble
b) have both water-soluble and lipid-soluble parts
c) evolved from amphibians
d) are synthesized from amino acids - ANS B
The lipid bilayer can form spontaneously in aqueous solution because
a) the charge on lipids causes them to attract
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