Summary Matter in Our Surroundings – Class 9 Science Chapter 1 Full Notes

� Chapter 1: Matter in Our Surroundings – Full Notes
� Introduction

 Everything around us is made up of matter.
 Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.



� Physical Nature of Matter

1. Made of Particles:
o Matter is composed of very small particles.
o These particles are too small to be seen with naked eyes.
2. Particles of Matter have Space Between Them:
o Example: Sugar dissolving in water.
o Particles can mix due to empty spaces between them.
3. Particles are Continuously Moving:
o They possess kinetic energy.
o Movement increases with rise in temperature.
4. Particles Attract Each Other:
o There is a force of attraction between particles.
o Strongest in solids, weaker in liquids, and weakest in gases.




� States of Matter

1. Solid:
o Fixed shape and volume.
o Particles are tightly packed.
o Cannot be compressed.
o Example: Ice, Wood.
2. Liquid:
o No fixed shape but fixed volume.
o Particles are less tightly packed than solids.
o Can flow and be compressed slightly.
o Example: Water, Milk.
3. Gas:
o No fixed shape or volume.
o Particles are very far apart and move freely.
o Highly compressible.
o Example: Air, Oxygen.