1
NSG 6005 Week 4 Quiz 2025 Actual –
100% Verified Questions with Graded A
Answers | South University
1. What is the primary mechanism of action of beta-blockers in treating hypertension?
A. Vasodilation of peripheral arteries
B. Decreased heart rate and contractility
C. Increased sodium excretion
D. Inhibition of angiotensin II production
Correct Answer: B. Decreased heart rate and contractility
Rationale: Beta-blockers reduce blood pressure by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors,
decreasing heart rate and myocardial contractility, thus reducing cardiac output.
2. Which of the following is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Tachycardia
D. Weight gain
Correct Answer: A. Hyperkalemia
Rationale: ACE inhibitors reduce aldosterone production, leading to decreased
potassium excretion and potential hyperkalemia.
3. A patient with type 2 diabetes is prescribed metformin. What is the primary action
of this medication?
A. Stimulates insulin release
B. Decreases hepatic glucose production
C. Increases insulin receptor sensitivity
D. Inhibits glucose absorption in the gut
Correct Answer: B. Decreases hepatic glucose production
Rationale: Metformin primarily reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis, lowering blood
glucose levels in type 2 diabetes.
4. Which class of antihypertensive drugs is contraindicated in patients with bilateral
renal artery stenosis?
A. Calcium channel blockers
B. ACE inhibitors
C. Beta-blockers
D. Thiazide diuretics
Correct Answer: B. ACE inhibitors
Rationale: ACE inhibitors can reduce glomerular filtration rate in bilateral renal artery
stenosis, risking acute kidney injury.
5. A patient is prescribed levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. When should this
medication be taken?
, 2
A. With meals
B. At bedtime
C. On an empty stomach
D. After exercise
Correct Answer: C. On an empty stomach
Rationale: Levothyroxine is best absorbed on an empty stomach, typically 30–60
minutes before breakfast, to avoid interference with food.
6. What is the primary therapeutic effect of statins in hyperlipidemia?
A. Increase HDL levels
B. Decrease LDL levels
C. Reduce triglyceride levels
D. Inhibit platelet aggregation
Correct Answer: B. Decrease LDL levels
Rationale: Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, reducing LDL cholesterol production in
the liver.
7. Which medication is first-line for managing acute bronchospasm in asthma?
A. Inhaled corticosteroids
B. Short-acting beta-agonists
C. Leukotriene modifiers
D. Long-acting beta-agonists
Correct Answer: B. Short-acting beta-agonists
Rationale: Short-acting beta-agonists (e.g., albuterol) rapidly relieve bronchospasm by
relaxing bronchial smooth muscle.
8. A patient on warfarin requires monitoring of which laboratory value?
A. Platelet count
B. INR
C. aPTT
D. Hemoglobin
Correct Answer: B. INR
Rationale: INR monitors warfarin’s anticoagulant effect, ensuring therapeutic levels (2–
3 for most indications).
9. Which of the following is a common adverse effect of thiazide diuretics?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hyperglycemia
D. Hypotension
Correct Answer: B. Hypokalemia
Rationale: Thiazide diuretics increase potassium excretion, risking hypokalemia, which
can cause arrhythmias.
10. What is the primary mechanism of action of loop diuretics in heart failure?
A. Vasodilation
B. Increased sodium excretion
C. Reduced preload
D. Enhanced contractility
Correct Answer: B. Increased sodium excretion
, 3
Rationale: Loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide) inhibit sodium reabsorption in the loop of
Henle, promoting diuresis and reducing fluid overload.
11. A patient with type 1 diabetes is prescribed insulin glargine. What is its primary
characteristic?
A. Rapid onset
B. Long-acting duration
C. Peak effect in 2 hours
D. Short-acting duration
Correct Answer: B. Long-acting duration
Rationale: Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin with a duration of up to 24 hours,
providing basal coverage.
12. Which medication is used to treat opioid overdose?
A. Flumazenil
B. Naloxone
C. Atropine
D. Protamine sulfate
Correct Answer: B. Naloxone
Rationale: Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that reverses opioid-induced respiratory
depression.
13. A patient with gout is prescribed allopurinol. What is the primary action of this
medication?
A. Increases uric acid excretion
B. Inhibits uric acid production
C. Reduces inflammation
D. Promotes crystal dissolution
Correct Answer: B. Inhibits uric acid production
Rationale: Allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase, reducing uric acid production to
prevent gout flares.
14. Which of the following is a contraindication for beta-blockers?
A. Hypertension
B. Asthma
C. Angina
D. Heart failure
Correct Answer: B. Asthma
Rationale: Beta-blockers can cause bronchoconstriction, exacerbating asthma.
15. A patient with epilepsy is prescribed phenytoin. What should the nurse monitor for
toxicity?
A. Nystagmus
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Hypertension
D. Weight loss
Correct Answer: A. Nystagmus
Rationale: Phenytoin toxicity presents with nystagmus, ataxia, and confusion due to its
narrow therapeutic range.
16. What is the primary mechanism of action of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma?
A. Relieve bronchospasm
NSG 6005 Week 4 Quiz 2025 Actual –
100% Verified Questions with Graded A
Answers | South University
1. What is the primary mechanism of action of beta-blockers in treating hypertension?
A. Vasodilation of peripheral arteries
B. Decreased heart rate and contractility
C. Increased sodium excretion
D. Inhibition of angiotensin II production
Correct Answer: B. Decreased heart rate and contractility
Rationale: Beta-blockers reduce blood pressure by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors,
decreasing heart rate and myocardial contractility, thus reducing cardiac output.
2. Which of the following is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Tachycardia
D. Weight gain
Correct Answer: A. Hyperkalemia
Rationale: ACE inhibitors reduce aldosterone production, leading to decreased
potassium excretion and potential hyperkalemia.
3. A patient with type 2 diabetes is prescribed metformin. What is the primary action
of this medication?
A. Stimulates insulin release
B. Decreases hepatic glucose production
C. Increases insulin receptor sensitivity
D. Inhibits glucose absorption in the gut
Correct Answer: B. Decreases hepatic glucose production
Rationale: Metformin primarily reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis, lowering blood
glucose levels in type 2 diabetes.
4. Which class of antihypertensive drugs is contraindicated in patients with bilateral
renal artery stenosis?
A. Calcium channel blockers
B. ACE inhibitors
C. Beta-blockers
D. Thiazide diuretics
Correct Answer: B. ACE inhibitors
Rationale: ACE inhibitors can reduce glomerular filtration rate in bilateral renal artery
stenosis, risking acute kidney injury.
5. A patient is prescribed levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. When should this
medication be taken?
, 2
A. With meals
B. At bedtime
C. On an empty stomach
D. After exercise
Correct Answer: C. On an empty stomach
Rationale: Levothyroxine is best absorbed on an empty stomach, typically 30–60
minutes before breakfast, to avoid interference with food.
6. What is the primary therapeutic effect of statins in hyperlipidemia?
A. Increase HDL levels
B. Decrease LDL levels
C. Reduce triglyceride levels
D. Inhibit platelet aggregation
Correct Answer: B. Decrease LDL levels
Rationale: Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, reducing LDL cholesterol production in
the liver.
7. Which medication is first-line for managing acute bronchospasm in asthma?
A. Inhaled corticosteroids
B. Short-acting beta-agonists
C. Leukotriene modifiers
D. Long-acting beta-agonists
Correct Answer: B. Short-acting beta-agonists
Rationale: Short-acting beta-agonists (e.g., albuterol) rapidly relieve bronchospasm by
relaxing bronchial smooth muscle.
8. A patient on warfarin requires monitoring of which laboratory value?
A. Platelet count
B. INR
C. aPTT
D. Hemoglobin
Correct Answer: B. INR
Rationale: INR monitors warfarin’s anticoagulant effect, ensuring therapeutic levels (2–
3 for most indications).
9. Which of the following is a common adverse effect of thiazide diuretics?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hyperglycemia
D. Hypotension
Correct Answer: B. Hypokalemia
Rationale: Thiazide diuretics increase potassium excretion, risking hypokalemia, which
can cause arrhythmias.
10. What is the primary mechanism of action of loop diuretics in heart failure?
A. Vasodilation
B. Increased sodium excretion
C. Reduced preload
D. Enhanced contractility
Correct Answer: B. Increased sodium excretion
, 3
Rationale: Loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide) inhibit sodium reabsorption in the loop of
Henle, promoting diuresis and reducing fluid overload.
11. A patient with type 1 diabetes is prescribed insulin glargine. What is its primary
characteristic?
A. Rapid onset
B. Long-acting duration
C. Peak effect in 2 hours
D. Short-acting duration
Correct Answer: B. Long-acting duration
Rationale: Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin with a duration of up to 24 hours,
providing basal coverage.
12. Which medication is used to treat opioid overdose?
A. Flumazenil
B. Naloxone
C. Atropine
D. Protamine sulfate
Correct Answer: B. Naloxone
Rationale: Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that reverses opioid-induced respiratory
depression.
13. A patient with gout is prescribed allopurinol. What is the primary action of this
medication?
A. Increases uric acid excretion
B. Inhibits uric acid production
C. Reduces inflammation
D. Promotes crystal dissolution
Correct Answer: B. Inhibits uric acid production
Rationale: Allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase, reducing uric acid production to
prevent gout flares.
14. Which of the following is a contraindication for beta-blockers?
A. Hypertension
B. Asthma
C. Angina
D. Heart failure
Correct Answer: B. Asthma
Rationale: Beta-blockers can cause bronchoconstriction, exacerbating asthma.
15. A patient with epilepsy is prescribed phenytoin. What should the nurse monitor for
toxicity?
A. Nystagmus
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Hypertension
D. Weight loss
Correct Answer: A. Nystagmus
Rationale: Phenytoin toxicity presents with nystagmus, ataxia, and confusion due to its
narrow therapeutic range.
16. What is the primary mechanism of action of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma?
A. Relieve bronchospasm
