PKSC 1020 TEST 3 – BATT WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Definition of Packaging in a dictionary - ANSWER-"A protective unit for storing or
shipping a commodity" (too limiting.)
Definition of Packaging in a textbook - ANSWER-"Coordinated system of preparing
goods for transport , distribution, storage, retailing and use of goods." (still doesn't cover
it well)
How the Clemson Packaging Program defines it - ANSWER-"It is a field that involves
the use of materials, methods and machinery (3M,s) to develop and produce the
packages that protect and preserve a product, help market the product and instruct the
consumer in its proper use."
Earliest packaging - ANSWER-Consider what life was like in ancient days
Packaging provided simple function of containment
Earliest packages were from natural sources (grass, seashells, wood)
Notable developments in Ancient Man-made Packages
3000 B.C - ANSWER-Egyptians learn to blow and cast glass
Notable developments in Ancient Man-made Packages
105 A.D - ANSWER-Paper was invented in China
Notable developments in Ancient Man-made Packages
c. 1500 - ANSWER-Cork stopper used for wine bottles (First protective packaging)
without you get "spontaneous generation"--- pasture bends flask
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
1809 - ANSWER-Nicholas Appert- Canning process
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
1810 - ANSWER-Peter Durand- Develops "canister"
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
1868 - ANSWER-John Hyatt - patent for celluloid, leading to development of cellulose,
first "plastic"
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
c. 1895 - ANSWER-Toothpaste first offered in tubes
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
,1877 - ANSWER-Quaker oats first used the "Quaker man" to represent their product
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
1897 - ANSWER-First major use of paperboard for National Biscuit Company "Unedda"
Biscuit product
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
Late 1800's- early 1900's - ANSWER-First major use of graphics to sell product
End of Industrial Revolution and around WWII - ANSWER-Movement from bulk
packaging to retail packaging
Illustrates how social changes interact with packaging developments
End of Industrial Revolution and around WWII
1930 - ANSWER-polyethylene discovered in England, eventually one of the most
commonly used packaging plastics (ziploc)
Late 20th Century Packaging
1950's-60's - ANSWER-Convience and Brand expansion
Late 20th Century Packaging
1970's - ANSWER-Improvements in distribution
Late 20th Century Packaging
1980's - ANSWER-Improvements barrier films and microwave packages
Late 20th Century Packaging
1990's - ANSWER-Environmental awareness and market globalization
Late 20th Century Packaging
1954 - ANSWER-Polypropylene second most used packaging plastic
Late 20th Century Packaging
1960-1970 - ANSWER-Laws clarified and improved
Late 20th Century Packaging
1987 - ANSWER-NJ enacts the first statewide recycling law
Late 20th Century Packaging
1990 - ANSWER-Nutritional Labeling and Education Act
Levels of Packaging
Quaternary - ANSWER-Unit load
Ex. Stretch wrapper pallet load of corrugated shipping containers
, Many Products do not require all four levels of packaging. - ANSWER-Ex. Corrugated
container holding a fridge can be a primary and tertiary at the same time.
Ex. Deodorant sticks have primary package, no 2nd, but 3rd and 4th.
Functions of a package
Containment - ANSWER-Oldest packaging function.
Products physical form - ANSWER-Viscous, free-flowing liquid, solid.
Products Nature (characteristics) - ANSWER-Perishable, Shape, under pressure
Review of Timelines
Earliest - ANSWER-(Unrecorded)
Review of Timelines
Ancient Man-made - ANSWER-(3000 B.C- 1500)
Review of Timelines
Industrial Revolution Developments - ANSWER-(1800's to early 1900's)
Review of Timelines
Late 20th Century - ANSWER-(Post WWII - present)
Importance of packaging to society - ANSWER-Essential for us to have and get what
we want
Reduces waste
In underdeveloped countries - ANSWER-50% of food produced never reaches
consumers
In U.S. - ANSWER-Only 3% for Processed food and 10-15% for fresh is wasted
Future Trends - ANSWER-Away from glass and metal toward plastics and composites
Away from toward flexible and semi-rigid
Metallized instead of foil laminates
Tamper evident and anti-theft devices
More informative ex.) OTC drug pkgs
Convenience ex.) easy open/reseal
Reduced packaging
Incorporation of more recycled materials
More technically complex packaging:breathable, temp. sensors, oxygen absorbers,
holographic images
Packaging Users/Producers - ANSWER-Most companies are either users or suppliers
Some larger companies can be users and suppliers
A raw material producer may also be a converter
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Definition of Packaging in a dictionary - ANSWER-"A protective unit for storing or
shipping a commodity" (too limiting.)
Definition of Packaging in a textbook - ANSWER-"Coordinated system of preparing
goods for transport , distribution, storage, retailing and use of goods." (still doesn't cover
it well)
How the Clemson Packaging Program defines it - ANSWER-"It is a field that involves
the use of materials, methods and machinery (3M,s) to develop and produce the
packages that protect and preserve a product, help market the product and instruct the
consumer in its proper use."
Earliest packaging - ANSWER-Consider what life was like in ancient days
Packaging provided simple function of containment
Earliest packages were from natural sources (grass, seashells, wood)
Notable developments in Ancient Man-made Packages
3000 B.C - ANSWER-Egyptians learn to blow and cast glass
Notable developments in Ancient Man-made Packages
105 A.D - ANSWER-Paper was invented in China
Notable developments in Ancient Man-made Packages
c. 1500 - ANSWER-Cork stopper used for wine bottles (First protective packaging)
without you get "spontaneous generation"--- pasture bends flask
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
1809 - ANSWER-Nicholas Appert- Canning process
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
1810 - ANSWER-Peter Durand- Develops "canister"
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
1868 - ANSWER-John Hyatt - patent for celluloid, leading to development of cellulose,
first "plastic"
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
c. 1895 - ANSWER-Toothpaste first offered in tubes
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
,1877 - ANSWER-Quaker oats first used the "Quaker man" to represent their product
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
1897 - ANSWER-First major use of paperboard for National Biscuit Company "Unedda"
Biscuit product
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
Late 1800's- early 1900's - ANSWER-First major use of graphics to sell product
End of Industrial Revolution and around WWII - ANSWER-Movement from bulk
packaging to retail packaging
Illustrates how social changes interact with packaging developments
End of Industrial Revolution and around WWII
1930 - ANSWER-polyethylene discovered in England, eventually one of the most
commonly used packaging plastics (ziploc)
Late 20th Century Packaging
1950's-60's - ANSWER-Convience and Brand expansion
Late 20th Century Packaging
1970's - ANSWER-Improvements in distribution
Late 20th Century Packaging
1980's - ANSWER-Improvements barrier films and microwave packages
Late 20th Century Packaging
1990's - ANSWER-Environmental awareness and market globalization
Late 20th Century Packaging
1954 - ANSWER-Polypropylene second most used packaging plastic
Late 20th Century Packaging
1960-1970 - ANSWER-Laws clarified and improved
Late 20th Century Packaging
1987 - ANSWER-NJ enacts the first statewide recycling law
Late 20th Century Packaging
1990 - ANSWER-Nutritional Labeling and Education Act
Levels of Packaging
Quaternary - ANSWER-Unit load
Ex. Stretch wrapper pallet load of corrugated shipping containers
, Many Products do not require all four levels of packaging. - ANSWER-Ex. Corrugated
container holding a fridge can be a primary and tertiary at the same time.
Ex. Deodorant sticks have primary package, no 2nd, but 3rd and 4th.
Functions of a package
Containment - ANSWER-Oldest packaging function.
Products physical form - ANSWER-Viscous, free-flowing liquid, solid.
Products Nature (characteristics) - ANSWER-Perishable, Shape, under pressure
Review of Timelines
Earliest - ANSWER-(Unrecorded)
Review of Timelines
Ancient Man-made - ANSWER-(3000 B.C- 1500)
Review of Timelines
Industrial Revolution Developments - ANSWER-(1800's to early 1900's)
Review of Timelines
Late 20th Century - ANSWER-(Post WWII - present)
Importance of packaging to society - ANSWER-Essential for us to have and get what
we want
Reduces waste
In underdeveloped countries - ANSWER-50% of food produced never reaches
consumers
In U.S. - ANSWER-Only 3% for Processed food and 10-15% for fresh is wasted
Future Trends - ANSWER-Away from glass and metal toward plastics and composites
Away from toward flexible and semi-rigid
Metallized instead of foil laminates
Tamper evident and anti-theft devices
More informative ex.) OTC drug pkgs
Convenience ex.) easy open/reseal
Reduced packaging
Incorporation of more recycled materials
More technically complex packaging:breathable, temp. sensors, oxygen absorbers,
holographic images
Packaging Users/Producers - ANSWER-Most companies are either users or suppliers
Some larger companies can be users and suppliers
A raw material producer may also be a converter
