Revisions, January 2003
Manual of Steel Construction
Load and Resistance Factor Design
3rd Edition
The following technical revisions and corrections have been made
in the second printing of the Third Edition (January, 2003). To facil-
itate the incorporation of revisions and corrections, this booklet
has been constructed using excerpts from revised pages, with cor-
rections noted. The user may find it convenient in some cases to
hand-write corrections; in others, a cut-and-paste approach may
be more efficient.
,vi
Copyright © 2001
by
American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc.
ISBN 1-56424-051-7
All rights reserved. This book or any part thereof
must not be reproduced in any form without the
written permission of the publisher.
The information presented in this publication has been prepared in accordance
with recognized engineering principles and is for general information only. While
it is believed to be accurate, this information should not be used or relied upon
for any specific application without competent professional examination and
verification of its accuracy, suitability, and applicability by a licensed professional
engineer, designer, or architect. The publication of the material contained herein
is not intended as a representation or warranty on the part of the American
Institute of Steel Construction or of any other person named herein, that this
information is suitable for any general or particular use or of freedom from
infringement of any patent or patents. Anyone making use of this information
assumes all liability arising from such use.
Caution must be exercised when relying upon other specifications and codes
developed by other bodies and incorporated by reference herein since such
material may be modified or amended from time to time subsequent to the
printing of this edition. The Institute bears no responsibility for such material other
than to refer to it and incorporate it by reference at the time of the initial
publication of this edition.
Printed in the United States of America
First Printing: November 2001
Second
Second Printing:
Printing: January
January 2003 2003
with revisions
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
, vii
PREFACE
rd
This 3 Edition LRFD Manual of Steel Construction is the twelfth major update of the
AISC Manual of Steel Construction, which was first published in 1927. With this revision,
member and connection design information has been condensed back into a single
volume. It has been reorganized and reformatted to provide practical and efficient access
to the information it contains, with a roadmap format to guide the user quickly to the
applicable specifications, codes and standards, as well as the applicable provisions in
those standards.
The following specifications, codes and standards are included in or with this Manual:
• 1999 LRFD Specification for Structural Steel Buildings
• 2000 LRFD Specification for Steel Hollow Structural Sections
• 2000 LRFD Specification for Single-Angle Members
• 2000 RCSC Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts
• 2000 Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges
• AISC Shapes Database V3 CD
The following major improvements have been made in this revision:
• Workable gages for flange fasteners have been reintroduced.
• The revised T, k and k1 values for W-shapes and the 0.93 wall-thickness reduction
factor for HSS have been considered.
• Guidance is provided on the new OSHA safety regulations, stability bracing
requirements and proper material specification.
• New information is provided on design drawing information requirements, criteria
needed for connection design, mill, fabrication and erection tolerances, façade
issues, temperature effects and fire protection requirements with summaries of
common UL assemblies.
• Shape information has been updated to the current series.
• Coverage of round HSS has been added.
• Dimensions and properties have been added for double channels back-to-back.
• Tables of surface and box perimeter, weight/area-to-perimeter ratios and surface
areas have been expanded to cover all common structural shapes.
• A new section on properly specifying materials, including shapes, plates, fasteners
and other products, has been added.
• New information on corrosion protection and seismic design has been added.
• A new section has been added with design aids for tension members, including
explicit consideration of net section requirements to ensure connectable member
selection.
• Beam selection tables are included for selection based upon Ix, Zx, Iy, and Zy.
• Beam charts (φMn vs. Lb) are plotted for both W-shapes and channels.
• New floor plate deflection and bending design aids have been added.
• Additional beam diagrams and formulas have been added.
• A new section has been added with design aids for W-shape beam-columns.
• New bolt length selection tables have been added.
• Bolt entering and tightening clearances have been updated.
• Bolting information has been updated for consistency with the 2000 RCSC
Specification.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
, viii
• Welding information, including the prequalified welded joint tables, has been
updated to for consistency with AWS D1.1-2000.
• Information on prying action, Whitmore section and strength of coped beams has
been updated.
• Selection tables for shear end-plate connections and single-plate connections have
been improved and expanded, including single-plate connections with up to 12
1
rows of bolts and up to 1 /8-in. diameter.
• New information and examples for flexible moment connections has been added as
an update of Disque’s historic “type 2 with wind” moment connection design
approach.
• Previous limitations on the use of moment end-plate connections have been
relaxed.
• Information on the design of anchor rods has been updated, including a new table
of minimum dimensions for washers used with anchor rods.
• Composite member tables have been updated to include coverage of both 4 ksi
and 5 ksi concrete.
• A cross-reference between U.S. customary and Metric shapes series has been
included.
In addition, many other improvements have been made throughout this Manual.
By the AISC Committee on Manuals and Textbooks,
William A. Thornton, Chairman Barry L. Barger, Vice Chairman
Charles J. Carter Charles R. Page
Robert O. Disque Davis G. Parsons II
Marshall T. Ferrell David T. Ricker
Lanny J. Flynn Marc L. Sorenson
Mark V. Holland Scott T. Undershute
Bill R. Lindley II Gary C. Violette
Leonard R. Middleton Michael A. West
William C. Minchin Heath E. Mitchell, Secretary
Thomas M. Murray
The Committee gratefully acknowledges the following people for their contributions to this
Manual: Abbas Aminmansour, Roger L. Brockenbrough, Jennifer R. Ceccotti, Harry A.
Cole, Richard A. DeVries, Guy J. Engebretson, Areti Gertos, Louis F. Geschwindner, Jr.,
John L. Harris III, Richard C. Kaehler, Suzanne W. Kaehler, Gerald F. Loberger, Jr.,
William T. Segui, Janet S. Tuegel, and Ramulu S. Vinnakota.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
Manual of Steel Construction
Load and Resistance Factor Design
3rd Edition
The following technical revisions and corrections have been made
in the second printing of the Third Edition (January, 2003). To facil-
itate the incorporation of revisions and corrections, this booklet
has been constructed using excerpts from revised pages, with cor-
rections noted. The user may find it convenient in some cases to
hand-write corrections; in others, a cut-and-paste approach may
be more efficient.
,vi
Copyright © 2001
by
American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc.
ISBN 1-56424-051-7
All rights reserved. This book or any part thereof
must not be reproduced in any form without the
written permission of the publisher.
The information presented in this publication has been prepared in accordance
with recognized engineering principles and is for general information only. While
it is believed to be accurate, this information should not be used or relied upon
for any specific application without competent professional examination and
verification of its accuracy, suitability, and applicability by a licensed professional
engineer, designer, or architect. The publication of the material contained herein
is not intended as a representation or warranty on the part of the American
Institute of Steel Construction or of any other person named herein, that this
information is suitable for any general or particular use or of freedom from
infringement of any patent or patents. Anyone making use of this information
assumes all liability arising from such use.
Caution must be exercised when relying upon other specifications and codes
developed by other bodies and incorporated by reference herein since such
material may be modified or amended from time to time subsequent to the
printing of this edition. The Institute bears no responsibility for such material other
than to refer to it and incorporate it by reference at the time of the initial
publication of this edition.
Printed in the United States of America
First Printing: November 2001
Second
Second Printing:
Printing: January
January 2003 2003
with revisions
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
, vii
PREFACE
rd
This 3 Edition LRFD Manual of Steel Construction is the twelfth major update of the
AISC Manual of Steel Construction, which was first published in 1927. With this revision,
member and connection design information has been condensed back into a single
volume. It has been reorganized and reformatted to provide practical and efficient access
to the information it contains, with a roadmap format to guide the user quickly to the
applicable specifications, codes and standards, as well as the applicable provisions in
those standards.
The following specifications, codes and standards are included in or with this Manual:
• 1999 LRFD Specification for Structural Steel Buildings
• 2000 LRFD Specification for Steel Hollow Structural Sections
• 2000 LRFD Specification for Single-Angle Members
• 2000 RCSC Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts
• 2000 Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges
• AISC Shapes Database V3 CD
The following major improvements have been made in this revision:
• Workable gages for flange fasteners have been reintroduced.
• The revised T, k and k1 values for W-shapes and the 0.93 wall-thickness reduction
factor for HSS have been considered.
• Guidance is provided on the new OSHA safety regulations, stability bracing
requirements and proper material specification.
• New information is provided on design drawing information requirements, criteria
needed for connection design, mill, fabrication and erection tolerances, façade
issues, temperature effects and fire protection requirements with summaries of
common UL assemblies.
• Shape information has been updated to the current series.
• Coverage of round HSS has been added.
• Dimensions and properties have been added for double channels back-to-back.
• Tables of surface and box perimeter, weight/area-to-perimeter ratios and surface
areas have been expanded to cover all common structural shapes.
• A new section on properly specifying materials, including shapes, plates, fasteners
and other products, has been added.
• New information on corrosion protection and seismic design has been added.
• A new section has been added with design aids for tension members, including
explicit consideration of net section requirements to ensure connectable member
selection.
• Beam selection tables are included for selection based upon Ix, Zx, Iy, and Zy.
• Beam charts (φMn vs. Lb) are plotted for both W-shapes and channels.
• New floor plate deflection and bending design aids have been added.
• Additional beam diagrams and formulas have been added.
• A new section has been added with design aids for W-shape beam-columns.
• New bolt length selection tables have been added.
• Bolt entering and tightening clearances have been updated.
• Bolting information has been updated for consistency with the 2000 RCSC
Specification.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
, viii
• Welding information, including the prequalified welded joint tables, has been
updated to for consistency with AWS D1.1-2000.
• Information on prying action, Whitmore section and strength of coped beams has
been updated.
• Selection tables for shear end-plate connections and single-plate connections have
been improved and expanded, including single-plate connections with up to 12
1
rows of bolts and up to 1 /8-in. diameter.
• New information and examples for flexible moment connections has been added as
an update of Disque’s historic “type 2 with wind” moment connection design
approach.
• Previous limitations on the use of moment end-plate connections have been
relaxed.
• Information on the design of anchor rods has been updated, including a new table
of minimum dimensions for washers used with anchor rods.
• Composite member tables have been updated to include coverage of both 4 ksi
and 5 ksi concrete.
• A cross-reference between U.S. customary and Metric shapes series has been
included.
In addition, many other improvements have been made throughout this Manual.
By the AISC Committee on Manuals and Textbooks,
William A. Thornton, Chairman Barry L. Barger, Vice Chairman
Charles J. Carter Charles R. Page
Robert O. Disque Davis G. Parsons II
Marshall T. Ferrell David T. Ricker
Lanny J. Flynn Marc L. Sorenson
Mark V. Holland Scott T. Undershute
Bill R. Lindley II Gary C. Violette
Leonard R. Middleton Michael A. West
William C. Minchin Heath E. Mitchell, Secretary
Thomas M. Murray
The Committee gratefully acknowledges the following people for their contributions to this
Manual: Abbas Aminmansour, Roger L. Brockenbrough, Jennifer R. Ceccotti, Harry A.
Cole, Richard A. DeVries, Guy J. Engebretson, Areti Gertos, Louis F. Geschwindner, Jr.,
John L. Harris III, Richard C. Kaehler, Suzanne W. Kaehler, Gerald F. Loberger, Jr.,
William T. Segui, Janet S. Tuegel, and Ramulu S. Vinnakota.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
