AP WORLD HISTORY: 1750-1900 C.E
Declaration of Independence- A document modeled after the political philosophies of John
Locke. It altered the natural rights identified by John Locke to include “life, liberty, and the
pursuit of happiness.”
Self-Strengthening Movement- A late nineteenth-century movement in which the Chinese
modernized their army and encouraged western investment in factories and railways.
Romanticism- A literary and artistic movement in nineteenth-century Europe; emphasized
emotion over reason.
Queu- A long ponytail that Chinese men were forced to wear in order to distinguish them
from Manchus.
Domestic System- A manufacturing method in which the stages of the manufacturing
process are carried out in private homes rather than a factory setting.
Maoris- A member of a Polynesian group that settled in New Zealand about 800 C.E.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen- A statement of political rights adopted
by the French National Assembly during the French Revolution.
Declaration of the Rights of Women and of the Female- A statement of the rights of women
written by Olympe de Gouges in response to the Declaration of the Rights of Man.
Communism- An economic system in which the state controls the means of production.
Liberalism- An Enlightenment philosophy that favored civil rights, the protection of private
property, and representative government.
, Guano- Bird droppings used as fertilizer; a major trade item of Peru in the late nineteenth
century.
Suez Canal- Canal constructed by Egypt across the Isthmus of Suez in 1869.
Code Napoleon (Napoleonic Code)- Collection of laws that standardized French law under
the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte.
Spanish-American War- Conflict between the United States and Spain that began the rise
of the United States as a world power.
Spanish Civil War- A conflict from 1936 to 1939 that resulted in the installation of fascist
dictator Francisco Franco as ruler of Spain; Franco’s forces were backed by Germany and
Italy, whereas the Soviet Union supported the opposing republican forces (1898).
Economic Imperialism- Control of a country’s economy by the businesses of another
nation.
Revolutions of 1848- Democratic and nationalistic revolutions, most of them unsuccessful,
that swept through Europe.
Spheres of Influence- Divisions of a country in which a particular foreign nation enjoys
economic privileges.
Jacobins- Extreme radicals during the French Revolution.
Theory of Relativity - Idea, which argued that time and space are relative to one another.
Theory of Natural Selection- Idea, first proposed by Charles Darwin, that species survive
due to favorable characteristics.
Declaration of Independence- A document modeled after the political philosophies of John
Locke. It altered the natural rights identified by John Locke to include “life, liberty, and the
pursuit of happiness.”
Self-Strengthening Movement- A late nineteenth-century movement in which the Chinese
modernized their army and encouraged western investment in factories and railways.
Romanticism- A literary and artistic movement in nineteenth-century Europe; emphasized
emotion over reason.
Queu- A long ponytail that Chinese men were forced to wear in order to distinguish them
from Manchus.
Domestic System- A manufacturing method in which the stages of the manufacturing
process are carried out in private homes rather than a factory setting.
Maoris- A member of a Polynesian group that settled in New Zealand about 800 C.E.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen- A statement of political rights adopted
by the French National Assembly during the French Revolution.
Declaration of the Rights of Women and of the Female- A statement of the rights of women
written by Olympe de Gouges in response to the Declaration of the Rights of Man.
Communism- An economic system in which the state controls the means of production.
Liberalism- An Enlightenment philosophy that favored civil rights, the protection of private
property, and representative government.
, Guano- Bird droppings used as fertilizer; a major trade item of Peru in the late nineteenth
century.
Suez Canal- Canal constructed by Egypt across the Isthmus of Suez in 1869.
Code Napoleon (Napoleonic Code)- Collection of laws that standardized French law under
the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte.
Spanish-American War- Conflict between the United States and Spain that began the rise
of the United States as a world power.
Spanish Civil War- A conflict from 1936 to 1939 that resulted in the installation of fascist
dictator Francisco Franco as ruler of Spain; Franco’s forces were backed by Germany and
Italy, whereas the Soviet Union supported the opposing republican forces (1898).
Economic Imperialism- Control of a country’s economy by the businesses of another
nation.
Revolutions of 1848- Democratic and nationalistic revolutions, most of them unsuccessful,
that swept through Europe.
Spheres of Influence- Divisions of a country in which a particular foreign nation enjoys
economic privileges.
Jacobins- Extreme radicals during the French Revolution.
Theory of Relativity - Idea, which argued that time and space are relative to one another.
Theory of Natural Selection- Idea, first proposed by Charles Darwin, that species survive
due to favorable characteristics.
