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Physics IGCSE Waves Core
Physics IGCSE Waves Core
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PHYSICS PARTIAL 2WAVES
• Waves transfer energy without transferring matter.
• When describing wave motion, there are several terms which are important to know, including:
o Wavelength
o Frequency
o Period
o Crest (peak)
o Trough
o Amplitude
o Wave speed
WAVELENGTH
• Wavelength is defined as:
The distance from one point on the wave to the same point on the next wave
• The wavelength is given the symbol λ (lambda) and is measured in metres (m)
• The distance along a wave is typically put on the x-axis of a wave diagram
FREQUENCY
• Frequency is defined as:
The number of oscillations in a second
• Frequency is given by the symbol f and is measured in Hertz (Hz)
• 50 Hz = 50 oscillations in 1 s
1
• 𝑓=
𝑇
, PERIOD
• Time taken for 1 complete oscillation
1
• 𝑇=
𝑓
CRESTS & TROUGHS
• A crest, or a peak, is defined as:
The highest point on a wave above the equilibrium, or rest position
• A trough is defined as
The lowest point on a wave below the equilibrium, or rest, positio
AMPLITUDE
• Amplitude is defined as:
The distance from the undisturbed position to the peak or trough of a wave
• It is given the symbol A and is measured in metres (m)
• Amplitude is the maximum or minimum displacement from the undisturbed position
WAVE SPEED
• Wave speed is the speed at which energy is transferred through a medium
• Wave speed is defined as:
The distance travelled by a wave each second
• The equation used to calculate wave speed is explained in the wave equation
THE WAVE EQUATION
• The equation used to calculate wave speed is:
v=fλ
• Where:
• v = wave speed, measured in metres per second (m/s)
• f = wave frequency, measured in hertz (Hz)
• λ = wavelength, measured in metres (m)
• Wave speed is defined as:
The distance travelled by a wave each second
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