1. Which of the following is the primary action of beta-blockers?
A) Increase heart rate
B) Decrease blood pressure
C) Increase renal function
D) Dilate blood vessels
Answer: B) Decrease blood pressure
Rationale:
Beta-blockers primarily reduce blood pressure by blocking the beta-adrenergic
receptors in the heart, leading to decreased heart rate and reduced force of
contraction, which lowers cardiac output and consequently decreases blood
pressure.
2. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is prescribed warfarin
(Coumadin). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the
teaching?
A) "You should take this medication with food."
B) "You should avoid foods high in vitamin K."
C) "You will need to monitor your blood glucose levels."
D) "You should limit your fluid intake."
Answer: B) "You should avoid foods high in vitamin K."
Rationale:
Warfarin is an anticoagulant that works by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting
factors. A diet high in vitamin K can reduce the effectiveness of warfarin and
increase the risk of clotting.
3. A nurse is caring for a client who has just been prescribed a statin. Which of
the following lab tests should the nurse monitor regularly?
A) Liver function tests
B) Renal function tests
,C) Complete blood count
D) Coagulation studies
Answer: A) Liver function tests
Rationale:
Statins, which are used to lower cholesterol, can affect liver function. Therefore,
liver function tests (such as ALT and AST) should be monitored regularly to detect
any liver damage.
4. A client is prescribed digoxin. Which of the following is a common adverse
effect that the nurse should monitor for?
A) Hypertension
B) Tachycardia
C) Hypokalemia
D) Visual disturbances (yellow-green halos)
Answer: D) Visual disturbances (yellow-green halos)
Rationale:
Digoxin toxicity can cause visual disturbances such as yellow-green halos around
objects. It’s important to monitor clients for signs of toxicity, which can also
include nausea, vomiting, and arrhythmias.
5. A nurse is administering a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) to a
client with osteoarthritis. The nurse should be aware that NSAIDs can increase
the risk of which of the following?
A) Gastrointestinal bleeding
B) Weight gain
C) Hyperglycemia
D) Bone marrow suppression
Answer: A) Gastrointestinal bleeding
Rationale:
NSAIDs can irritate the gastrointestinal (GI) lining and increase the risk of
, gastrointestinal bleeding or ulcers, particularly with long-term use. This is a known
adverse effect of NSAIDs.
6. A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed insulin. Which of the following
is the most important instruction the nurse should provide to the client?
A) "Monitor your blood sugar regularly."
B) "Eat a large meal before administering insulin."
C) "You can skip doses if you feel well."
D) "Only use insulin when you're feeling sick."
Answer: A) "Monitor your blood sugar regularly."
Rationale:
Regular blood sugar monitoring is crucial when using insulin to ensure appropriate
dosage adjustments and to avoid both hypo- and hyperglycemia. Skipping doses
can result in unsafe blood glucose levels.
7. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving a diuretic. The nurse should
monitor the client for which of the following electrolyte imbalances?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypokalemia
C) Hypercalcemia
D) Hypocalcemia
Answer: B) Hypokalemia
Rationale:
Many diuretics, especially loop and thiazide diuretics, can cause potassium loss,
leading to hypokalemia. Monitoring potassium levels is important to prevent
complications like arrhythmias.
8. A client is taking acetaminophen for pain relief. The nurse should instruct the
client to avoid consuming which of the following?
A) Increase heart rate
B) Decrease blood pressure
C) Increase renal function
D) Dilate blood vessels
Answer: B) Decrease blood pressure
Rationale:
Beta-blockers primarily reduce blood pressure by blocking the beta-adrenergic
receptors in the heart, leading to decreased heart rate and reduced force of
contraction, which lowers cardiac output and consequently decreases blood
pressure.
2. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is prescribed warfarin
(Coumadin). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the
teaching?
A) "You should take this medication with food."
B) "You should avoid foods high in vitamin K."
C) "You will need to monitor your blood glucose levels."
D) "You should limit your fluid intake."
Answer: B) "You should avoid foods high in vitamin K."
Rationale:
Warfarin is an anticoagulant that works by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting
factors. A diet high in vitamin K can reduce the effectiveness of warfarin and
increase the risk of clotting.
3. A nurse is caring for a client who has just been prescribed a statin. Which of
the following lab tests should the nurse monitor regularly?
A) Liver function tests
B) Renal function tests
,C) Complete blood count
D) Coagulation studies
Answer: A) Liver function tests
Rationale:
Statins, which are used to lower cholesterol, can affect liver function. Therefore,
liver function tests (such as ALT and AST) should be monitored regularly to detect
any liver damage.
4. A client is prescribed digoxin. Which of the following is a common adverse
effect that the nurse should monitor for?
A) Hypertension
B) Tachycardia
C) Hypokalemia
D) Visual disturbances (yellow-green halos)
Answer: D) Visual disturbances (yellow-green halos)
Rationale:
Digoxin toxicity can cause visual disturbances such as yellow-green halos around
objects. It’s important to monitor clients for signs of toxicity, which can also
include nausea, vomiting, and arrhythmias.
5. A nurse is administering a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) to a
client with osteoarthritis. The nurse should be aware that NSAIDs can increase
the risk of which of the following?
A) Gastrointestinal bleeding
B) Weight gain
C) Hyperglycemia
D) Bone marrow suppression
Answer: A) Gastrointestinal bleeding
Rationale:
NSAIDs can irritate the gastrointestinal (GI) lining and increase the risk of
, gastrointestinal bleeding or ulcers, particularly with long-term use. This is a known
adverse effect of NSAIDs.
6. A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed insulin. Which of the following
is the most important instruction the nurse should provide to the client?
A) "Monitor your blood sugar regularly."
B) "Eat a large meal before administering insulin."
C) "You can skip doses if you feel well."
D) "Only use insulin when you're feeling sick."
Answer: A) "Monitor your blood sugar regularly."
Rationale:
Regular blood sugar monitoring is crucial when using insulin to ensure appropriate
dosage adjustments and to avoid both hypo- and hyperglycemia. Skipping doses
can result in unsafe blood glucose levels.
7. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving a diuretic. The nurse should
monitor the client for which of the following electrolyte imbalances?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypokalemia
C) Hypercalcemia
D) Hypocalcemia
Answer: B) Hypokalemia
Rationale:
Many diuretics, especially loop and thiazide diuretics, can cause potassium loss,
leading to hypokalemia. Monitoring potassium levels is important to prevent
complications like arrhythmias.
8. A client is taking acetaminophen for pain relief. The nurse should instruct the
client to avoid consuming which of the following?
