Radiation History
g g g
Iannucci Dental Radiography, 5th
g g g g
Editiong
,https://www.stuvia.com/g
Chapter 01: Radiation History
g g g g
Iannucci: Dental Radiography, 5th Edition
g g g g g
g
MULTIPLEgCHOICEg
g
1. Radiationgisgdefinedgasg
a. agformgofgenergygcarriedgbygwavesgorgstreamsgofgparticles.g
b. agbeamgofgenergygthatghasgthegpowergtogpenetrategsubstancesgandgrecordgimagegshadowsgongag
receptor.g
c. aghigh-
energygradiationgproducedgbygthegcollisiongofgagbeamgofgelectronsgwithgagmetalgtargetgingangx-
raygtube.g
d. agbranchgofgmedicinegthatgdealsgwithgthegusegofgx-rays.g
g
g
ANS:gAg
Radiationgisgagformgofgenergygcarriedgbygwavesgorgstreamsgofgparticles.gAngx-
raygisgagbeamgofgenergygthatghasgthegpowergtogpenetrategsubstancesgandgrecordgimagegshadowsgon
gagreceptor.gX-radiationgisgaghigh-
energygradiationgproducedgbygthegcollisiongofgagbeamgofgelectronsgwithgagmetalgtargetgingangx-
raygtube.gRadiologygisgagbranchgofgmedicinegthatgdealsgwithgthegusegofgx-rays.g
g
DIF:gRecallg REF:gPageg2g OBJ:g1g g
TOP:gCDA,gRHS,gIII.B.2.gDescribegthegcharacteristicsgofgx-radiationg g
MSC:gNBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.1gPrinciplesgofgradiophysicsga
ndgradiobiologyg
g
2. Agradiographgisgdefinedgasg
a. agbeamgofgenergygthatghasgthegpowergtogpenetrategsubstancesgandgrecordgimagegshadowsgongag
receptor.g
b. agpicturegongfilmgproducedgbygthegpassagegofgx-raysgthroughgangobjectgorgbody.g
c. thegartgandgsciencegofgmakinggradiographsgbygthegexposuregofgangimagegreceptorgtogx-rays.g
d. agformgofgenergygcarriedgbygwavesgorgagstreamgofgparticles.g
g
g
ANS:gBg
Angx-
raygisgagbeamgofgenergygthatghasgthegpowergtogpenetrategsubstancesgandgrecordgimagegshadowsgon
gagreceptor.ggAgradiograph gisgagpicturegongfilmgproducedgbygthegpassagegofgx-
raysgthroughgangobjectgorgbody.gRadiographygisgthegartgandgsciencegofgmakinggdentalgimagesgbygt
hegexposuregofgagreceptorgtogx-
rays.ggRadiationgisgagformgofgenergygcarriedgbygwavesgorgstreamsgofgparticles.g
g
DIF:gComprehensiong g REF:gPageg2g OBJ:g1g
TOP:gCDA,gRHS,gIII.B.2.gDescribegthegcharacteristicsgofgx-radiationg g
MSC:gNBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.1gPrinciplesgofgradiophysicsga
ndgradiobiologyg
g
3. Yourgpatientgaskedgyougwhygdentalgimagesgaregimportant.gWhichgofgthegfollowinggisgthegcorrectgre
sponse?g
a. Angoralgexaminationgwithgdentalgimagesglimitsgthegpractitionergtogwhatgisgseengclinically.g
b. Allgdentalgdiseasesgandgconditionsgproducegclinicalgsignsgandgsymptoms.g
c. Dentalgimagesgaregnotgagnecessarygcomponentgofgcomprehensivegpatientgcare.g
d. Manygdentalgdiseasesgaregtypicallygdiscoveredgonlygthroughgthegusegofgdentalgimages.g
g
g
,https://www.stuvia.com/g
ANS:gDg
Angoralgexaminationgwithoutgdentalgimagesglimitsgthegpractitionergtogwhatgisgseengclinically.gMa
nygdentalgdiseasesgandgconditionsgproducegnogclinicalgsignsgandgsymptoms.ggDentalgimagesgaregag
necessarygcomponentgofgcomprehensivegpatientgcare.gManygdentalgdiseasesgaregtypicallygdiscov
eredgonlygthroughgthegusegofgdentalgimages.g
g
DIF:gApplicationg REF:gPageg2g OBJ:g2g g
TOP:gCDA,gRHS,gIII.B.2.gDescribegthegcharacteristicsgofgx-radiationg g
MSC:gNBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.5gGeneralg
g
4. Thegx-raygwasgdiscoveredgbyg
a. HeinrichgGeisslerg
b. WilhelmgRoentgeng
c. JohanngHittorfg
d. WilliamgCrookesg
g
g
ANS:gBg
HeinrichgGeisslergbuiltgthegfirstgvacuumgtubeging1838.ggWilhelmgRoentgengdiscoveredgthegx-
raygongNovemberg8,g1895.ggJohanngHittorfgobservedging1870gthatgdischargesgemittedgfromgthegne
gativegelectrodegofgagvacuumgtubegtraveledgingstraightglines,gproducedgheat,gandgresultedgingaggre
enishgfluorescence.gWilliamgCrookesgdiscoveredgingtheglateg1870sgthatgcathodegraysgweregstream
sgofgchargedgparticles.g
g
DIF:gRecallg REF:gPageg2g OBJ:g4g g
TOP:gCDA,gRHS,gIII.B.2.gDescribegthegcharacteristicsgofgx-radiationg g
MSC:gNBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.5gGeneralg
g
5. WhogexposedgthegfirstgdentalgradiographgingthegUnitedgStatesgusinggaglivegperson?ga.gOttogWalkoffg
b. WilhelmgRoentgeng
c. EdmundgKellsg
d. WestongPriceg
g
g
ANS:gCg
OttogWalkoffgwasgagGermangdentistgwhogmadegthegfirstgdentalgradiograph.ggWilhelmgRoentgengw
asgagBavariangphysicistgwhogdiscoveredgthegx-
ray.ggEdmundgKellsgexposedgthegfirstgdentalgradiographgingthegUnitedgStatesgusinggaglivegperson.gg
Pricegintroducedgthegbisectinggtechniqueging1904.g
g
DIF:gRecallg REF:gPageg4g OBJ:g5g g
TOP:gCDA,gRHS,gIII.B.2.gDescribegthegcharacteristicsgofgx-radiationg g
MSC:gNBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.5gGeneralg
g
6. Currentgfastgradiographicgfilmgrequiresg____g%glessgexposuregtimegthangtheginitialgexposuregtimesg
usedging1920.ga.g33g
b. 98g
c. 73g
d. 2g
g
g
ANS:gDg
Currentgfastgradiographicgfilmgrequiresg98%glessgexposuregtimegthangtheginitialgexposuregtimesgu
sedging1920.g
g
DIF:gComprehensiong g REF:gPageg5g OBJ:g6g
TOP:gCDA,gRHS,gIII.B.2.gDescribegthegcharacteristicsgofgx-radiationg g
MSC:gNBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.5gGeneralg
,https://www.stuvia.com/g
g
7. Whogmodifiedgthegparallelinggtechniquegwithgthegintroductiongofgtheglong-
conegtechnique?ga.gC.gEdmundgKellsg
b. FranklingW.gMcCormackg
c. F.gGordongFitzgeraldg
d. HowardgRileygRaperg
g
g
ANS:gCg
C.gEdmundgKellsgintroducedgthegparallelinggtechniqueging1896.gFranklingW.gMcCormackgreintro
ducedgthegparallelinggtechniqueging1920.gF.gGordongFitzgeraldgmodifiedgthegparallelinggtechniqu
egwithgthegintroductiongofgtheglong-
conegtechnique.gThisgisgthegtechniquegcurrentlygused.gHowardgRileygRapergmodifiedgthegbisectin
ggtechniquegandgintroducedgthegbite-winggtechniqueging1925.g
g
DIF:gRecallg REF:gPageg4g OBJ:g7g g
TOP:gCDA,gRHS,gIII.B.2.gDescribegthegcharacteristicsgofgx-radiationg g
MSC:gNBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.5gGeneralg
g
8. Whichgofgthegfollowinggisgangadvantagegofgdigitalgimaging?g
a. Increasedgpatientgradiationgexposureg
b. Increasedgpatientgcomfortg
c. Increasedgspeedgforgviewinggimagesg
d. Increasedgchemicalgusageg
g
g
ANS:gCg
Patientgexposuregisgreducedgwithgdigitalgimaging.gDigitalgsensorsgaregmoregsensitivegtogx-
raysgthangfilm.gDigitalgsensorsgaregrigidgandgbulky,gcausinggdecreasedgpatientgcomfort.gThegimag
egfromgdigitalgsensorsgisguploadedgdirectlygtogthegcomputergandgmonitorgwithoutgthegneedgforgche
micalgprocessing.gThisgallowsgforgimmediateginterpretationgandgevaluation.gThegimagegfromgdigi
talgsensorsgisguploadedgdirectlygtogthegcomputergandgmonitorgwithoutgthegneedgforgchemicalgproc
essing.g
g
DIF:gComprehensiong g REF:gPageg6g OBJ:g7g
TOP:gCDA,gRHS,gI.B.2.gDemonstrategbasicgknowledgegofgdigitalgradiographyg
MSC:gNBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.5gGeneralg
g
9. Whichgdiscoverygwasgthegprecursorgtogthegdiscoverygofgx-rays?g
a. Betagparticlesg
b. Alphagparticlesg
c. Cathodegraysg
d. Radioactivegmaterialsg
g
g
ANS:gCg
Betagparticlesgaregfastgmovinggelectronsgemittedgfromgthegnucleusgofgradioactivegatomsgandgaregn
otgassociatedgwithgx-
rays.gAlphagparticlesgaregemittedgfromgthegnucleigofgheavygmetalsgandgaregnotgassociatedgwithgx-
rays.gWilhelmgRoentgengwasgexperimentinggwithgcathodegraysgwhenghegdiscoveredgx-
rays.gRadioactivegmaterialsgaregcertaingunstablegatomsgorgelementsgthatgaregingthegprocessgofgspo
ntaneousgdisintegrationgorgdecay.g
g
DIF:gComprehensiong g REF:gPageg3g OBJ:g4g
TOP:gCDA,gRHS,gIII.B.2.gDescribegthegcharacteristicsgofgx-radiationg g
MSC:gNBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.5gGeneralg
g
g g g
Iannucci Dental Radiography, 5th
g g g g
Editiong
,https://www.stuvia.com/g
Chapter 01: Radiation History
g g g g
Iannucci: Dental Radiography, 5th Edition
g g g g g
g
MULTIPLEgCHOICEg
g
1. Radiationgisgdefinedgasg
a. agformgofgenergygcarriedgbygwavesgorgstreamsgofgparticles.g
b. agbeamgofgenergygthatghasgthegpowergtogpenetrategsubstancesgandgrecordgimagegshadowsgongag
receptor.g
c. aghigh-
energygradiationgproducedgbygthegcollisiongofgagbeamgofgelectronsgwithgagmetalgtargetgingangx-
raygtube.g
d. agbranchgofgmedicinegthatgdealsgwithgthegusegofgx-rays.g
g
g
ANS:gAg
Radiationgisgagformgofgenergygcarriedgbygwavesgorgstreamsgofgparticles.gAngx-
raygisgagbeamgofgenergygthatghasgthegpowergtogpenetrategsubstancesgandgrecordgimagegshadowsgon
gagreceptor.gX-radiationgisgaghigh-
energygradiationgproducedgbygthegcollisiongofgagbeamgofgelectronsgwithgagmetalgtargetgingangx-
raygtube.gRadiologygisgagbranchgofgmedicinegthatgdealsgwithgthegusegofgx-rays.g
g
DIF:gRecallg REF:gPageg2g OBJ:g1g g
TOP:gCDA,gRHS,gIII.B.2.gDescribegthegcharacteristicsgofgx-radiationg g
MSC:gNBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.1gPrinciplesgofgradiophysicsga
ndgradiobiologyg
g
2. Agradiographgisgdefinedgasg
a. agbeamgofgenergygthatghasgthegpowergtogpenetrategsubstancesgandgrecordgimagegshadowsgongag
receptor.g
b. agpicturegongfilmgproducedgbygthegpassagegofgx-raysgthroughgangobjectgorgbody.g
c. thegartgandgsciencegofgmakinggradiographsgbygthegexposuregofgangimagegreceptorgtogx-rays.g
d. agformgofgenergygcarriedgbygwavesgorgagstreamgofgparticles.g
g
g
ANS:gBg
Angx-
raygisgagbeamgofgenergygthatghasgthegpowergtogpenetrategsubstancesgandgrecordgimagegshadowsgon
gagreceptor.ggAgradiograph gisgagpicturegongfilmgproducedgbygthegpassagegofgx-
raysgthroughgangobjectgorgbody.gRadiographygisgthegartgandgsciencegofgmakinggdentalgimagesgbygt
hegexposuregofgagreceptorgtogx-
rays.ggRadiationgisgagformgofgenergygcarriedgbygwavesgorgstreamsgofgparticles.g
g
DIF:gComprehensiong g REF:gPageg2g OBJ:g1g
TOP:gCDA,gRHS,gIII.B.2.gDescribegthegcharacteristicsgofgx-radiationg g
MSC:gNBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.1gPrinciplesgofgradiophysicsga
ndgradiobiologyg
g
3. Yourgpatientgaskedgyougwhygdentalgimagesgaregimportant.gWhichgofgthegfollowinggisgthegcorrectgre
sponse?g
a. Angoralgexaminationgwithgdentalgimagesglimitsgthegpractitionergtogwhatgisgseengclinically.g
b. Allgdentalgdiseasesgandgconditionsgproducegclinicalgsignsgandgsymptoms.g
c. Dentalgimagesgaregnotgagnecessarygcomponentgofgcomprehensivegpatientgcare.g
d. Manygdentalgdiseasesgaregtypicallygdiscoveredgonlygthroughgthegusegofgdentalgimages.g
g
g
,https://www.stuvia.com/g
ANS:gDg
Angoralgexaminationgwithoutgdentalgimagesglimitsgthegpractitionergtogwhatgisgseengclinically.gMa
nygdentalgdiseasesgandgconditionsgproducegnogclinicalgsignsgandgsymptoms.ggDentalgimagesgaregag
necessarygcomponentgofgcomprehensivegpatientgcare.gManygdentalgdiseasesgaregtypicallygdiscov
eredgonlygthroughgthegusegofgdentalgimages.g
g
DIF:gApplicationg REF:gPageg2g OBJ:g2g g
TOP:gCDA,gRHS,gIII.B.2.gDescribegthegcharacteristicsgofgx-radiationg g
MSC:gNBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.5gGeneralg
g
4. Thegx-raygwasgdiscoveredgbyg
a. HeinrichgGeisslerg
b. WilhelmgRoentgeng
c. JohanngHittorfg
d. WilliamgCrookesg
g
g
ANS:gBg
HeinrichgGeisslergbuiltgthegfirstgvacuumgtubeging1838.ggWilhelmgRoentgengdiscoveredgthegx-
raygongNovemberg8,g1895.ggJohanngHittorfgobservedging1870gthatgdischargesgemittedgfromgthegne
gativegelectrodegofgagvacuumgtubegtraveledgingstraightglines,gproducedgheat,gandgresultedgingaggre
enishgfluorescence.gWilliamgCrookesgdiscoveredgingtheglateg1870sgthatgcathodegraysgweregstream
sgofgchargedgparticles.g
g
DIF:gRecallg REF:gPageg2g OBJ:g4g g
TOP:gCDA,gRHS,gIII.B.2.gDescribegthegcharacteristicsgofgx-radiationg g
MSC:gNBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.5gGeneralg
g
5. WhogexposedgthegfirstgdentalgradiographgingthegUnitedgStatesgusinggaglivegperson?ga.gOttogWalkoffg
b. WilhelmgRoentgeng
c. EdmundgKellsg
d. WestongPriceg
g
g
ANS:gCg
OttogWalkoffgwasgagGermangdentistgwhogmadegthegfirstgdentalgradiograph.ggWilhelmgRoentgengw
asgagBavariangphysicistgwhogdiscoveredgthegx-
ray.ggEdmundgKellsgexposedgthegfirstgdentalgradiographgingthegUnitedgStatesgusinggaglivegperson.gg
Pricegintroducedgthegbisectinggtechniqueging1904.g
g
DIF:gRecallg REF:gPageg4g OBJ:g5g g
TOP:gCDA,gRHS,gIII.B.2.gDescribegthegcharacteristicsgofgx-radiationg g
MSC:gNBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.5gGeneralg
g
6. Currentgfastgradiographicgfilmgrequiresg____g%glessgexposuregtimegthangtheginitialgexposuregtimesg
usedging1920.ga.g33g
b. 98g
c. 73g
d. 2g
g
g
ANS:gDg
Currentgfastgradiographicgfilmgrequiresg98%glessgexposuregtimegthangtheginitialgexposuregtimesgu
sedging1920.g
g
DIF:gComprehensiong g REF:gPageg5g OBJ:g6g
TOP:gCDA,gRHS,gIII.B.2.gDescribegthegcharacteristicsgofgx-radiationg g
MSC:gNBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.5gGeneralg
,https://www.stuvia.com/g
g
7. Whogmodifiedgthegparallelinggtechniquegwithgthegintroductiongofgtheglong-
conegtechnique?ga.gC.gEdmundgKellsg
b. FranklingW.gMcCormackg
c. F.gGordongFitzgeraldg
d. HowardgRileygRaperg
g
g
ANS:gCg
C.gEdmundgKellsgintroducedgthegparallelinggtechniqueging1896.gFranklingW.gMcCormackgreintro
ducedgthegparallelinggtechniqueging1920.gF.gGordongFitzgeraldgmodifiedgthegparallelinggtechniqu
egwithgthegintroductiongofgtheglong-
conegtechnique.gThisgisgthegtechniquegcurrentlygused.gHowardgRileygRapergmodifiedgthegbisectin
ggtechniquegandgintroducedgthegbite-winggtechniqueging1925.g
g
DIF:gRecallg REF:gPageg4g OBJ:g7g g
TOP:gCDA,gRHS,gIII.B.2.gDescribegthegcharacteristicsgofgx-radiationg g
MSC:gNBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.5gGeneralg
g
8. Whichgofgthegfollowinggisgangadvantagegofgdigitalgimaging?g
a. Increasedgpatientgradiationgexposureg
b. Increasedgpatientgcomfortg
c. Increasedgspeedgforgviewinggimagesg
d. Increasedgchemicalgusageg
g
g
ANS:gCg
Patientgexposuregisgreducedgwithgdigitalgimaging.gDigitalgsensorsgaregmoregsensitivegtogx-
raysgthangfilm.gDigitalgsensorsgaregrigidgandgbulky,gcausinggdecreasedgpatientgcomfort.gThegimag
egfromgdigitalgsensorsgisguploadedgdirectlygtogthegcomputergandgmonitorgwithoutgthegneedgforgche
micalgprocessing.gThisgallowsgforgimmediateginterpretationgandgevaluation.gThegimagegfromgdigi
talgsensorsgisguploadedgdirectlygtogthegcomputergandgmonitorgwithoutgthegneedgforgchemicalgproc
essing.g
g
DIF:gComprehensiong g REF:gPageg6g OBJ:g7g
TOP:gCDA,gRHS,gI.B.2.gDemonstrategbasicgknowledgegofgdigitalgradiographyg
MSC:gNBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.5gGeneralg
g
9. Whichgdiscoverygwasgthegprecursorgtogthegdiscoverygofgx-rays?g
a. Betagparticlesg
b. Alphagparticlesg
c. Cathodegraysg
d. Radioactivegmaterialsg
g
g
ANS:gCg
Betagparticlesgaregfastgmovinggelectronsgemittedgfromgthegnucleusgofgradioactivegatomsgandgaregn
otgassociatedgwithgx-
rays.gAlphagparticlesgaregemittedgfromgthegnucleigofgheavygmetalsgandgaregnotgassociatedgwithgx-
rays.gWilhelmgRoentgengwasgexperimentinggwithgcathodegraysgwhenghegdiscoveredgx-
rays.gRadioactivegmaterialsgaregcertaingunstablegatomsgorgelementsgthatgaregingthegprocessgofgspo
ntaneousgdisintegrationgorgdecay.g
g
DIF:gComprehensiong g REF:gPageg3g OBJ:g4g
TOP:gCDA,gRHS,gIII.B.2.gDescribegthegcharacteristicsgofgx-radiationg g
MSC:gNBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.5gGeneralg
g
