LOGIC & PHILOSOPHY: A MODERN
INTRODUCTION (13TH EDITION)
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
2025
AffirmingJtheJconsequentJ-JcorrectJanswer-
AJcommonJformJofJinvalidJargumentJinJwhichJoneJaffirmsJtheJconsequentJofJaJconditionalJandJthenJconclud
esJ(incorrectly)JtheJantecedentJofJtheJconditional.
ArgumentJformJ-JcorrectJanswer-
AJgroupJofJsentenceJforms,JallJofJwhoseJsubstitutionJinstancesJareJarguments.
CompletenessJ-JcorrectJanswer-
TheJnaturalJdeductionJrulesJforJsententialJlogicJareJsaidJtoJbeJcompleteJifJeveryJargumentJvalidJbyJtheJtruthJt
ablesJcanJbeJprovedJbyJtheJrules.
DecisionJprocedureJ-JcorrectJanswer-
AJprocedureJthatJyou,JorJaJsuitablyJconstructedJmachine,JcanJfollowJthat—JwhenJyouJfollowJitJcorrectly—
willJalwaysJyieldJtheJrightJanswerJtoJtheJquestionJaboutJtheJvalidityJofJtheJargument.
DenyingJtheJantecedentJ-JcorrectJanswer-
AJcommonJformJofJinvalidJargumentJinJwhichJoneJdeniesJtheJantecedentJofJaJconditionalJandJthenJconclude
sJ(incorrectly)JtheJnegationJofJtheJconsequentJofJtheJconditional.
EquivalenceJargumentJformJ-JcorrectJanswer-AJtwo-
directionalJargumentJform.JForJexample,JDoubleJNegationJisJaJvalidJequivalenceJargumentJform.
ExpressiveJcompletenessJ-JcorrectJanswer-
SententialJlogicJhasJthisJfeatureJbecauseJforJeveryJpossibleJtruthJtableJweJcanJconstructJaJwffJusingJourJoper
ators.
ImplicationalJargumentJformJ-JcorrectJanswer-AJone-
directionalJargumentJform.JForJexample,JModusJPonensJisJaJvalidJimplicationalJargumentJform.
INTRODUCTION (13TH EDITION)
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
2025
AffirmingJtheJconsequentJ-JcorrectJanswer-
AJcommonJformJofJinvalidJargumentJinJwhichJoneJaffirmsJtheJconsequentJofJaJconditionalJandJthenJconclud
esJ(incorrectly)JtheJantecedentJofJtheJconditional.
ArgumentJformJ-JcorrectJanswer-
AJgroupJofJsentenceJforms,JallJofJwhoseJsubstitutionJinstancesJareJarguments.
CompletenessJ-JcorrectJanswer-
TheJnaturalJdeductionJrulesJforJsententialJlogicJareJsaidJtoJbeJcompleteJifJeveryJargumentJvalidJbyJtheJtruthJt
ablesJcanJbeJprovedJbyJtheJrules.
DecisionJprocedureJ-JcorrectJanswer-
AJprocedureJthatJyou,JorJaJsuitablyJconstructedJmachine,JcanJfollowJthat—JwhenJyouJfollowJitJcorrectly—
willJalwaysJyieldJtheJrightJanswerJtoJtheJquestionJaboutJtheJvalidityJofJtheJargument.
DenyingJtheJantecedentJ-JcorrectJanswer-
AJcommonJformJofJinvalidJargumentJinJwhichJoneJdeniesJtheJantecedentJofJaJconditionalJandJthenJconclude
sJ(incorrectly)JtheJnegationJofJtheJconsequentJofJtheJconditional.
EquivalenceJargumentJformJ-JcorrectJanswer-AJtwo-
directionalJargumentJform.JForJexample,JDoubleJNegationJisJaJvalidJequivalenceJargumentJform.
ExpressiveJcompletenessJ-JcorrectJanswer-
SententialJlogicJhasJthisJfeatureJbecauseJforJeveryJpossibleJtruthJtableJweJcanJconstructJaJwffJusingJourJoper
ators.
ImplicationalJargumentJformJ-JcorrectJanswer-AJone-
directionalJargumentJform.JForJexample,JModusJPonensJisJaJvalidJimplicationalJargumentJform.