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BMS 602 Final Exam Questions and
Answers 100% Solved | Graded A+
What cells present antigen via MHC II? (What cells are Antigen Presenting
Cells/APCs)? - ✔✔Macrophages and dendritic cells (both derive from
monocytes)
B-cells
All of these cells load their antigens onto MHC II proteins in the phagosome
Types of T cells - ✔✔CD8/Killer T cells: in response to antigen binding,
secretes chemical to kill cells infected by intracellular pathogen
CD4/Helper T cell: stimulate B-cell antibody production via cell-cell
interaction. Further defined by the types of cytokines they release.
TH0 cells are the initial response, releases cytokines and can be
transferred to TH1 or TH2
,©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
TH1 cells produce IFNgamma to activate macrophages and dendritic cells,
promotes intracellular (viral/bacterial) response and fungal response
TH2 cells stimulate antibody production, creates memory T-cells
Classes/isotypes of antibodies - ✔✔IgG (FIXES COMPLEMENT, most
common antibody)
IgA (ON MUCOUS MEMBRANES, doesn't fix complement)
IgM (FIXES COMPLEMENT)
IgD (receptor on B-cells)
IgE
Complement System - ✔✔Classical Complement Activation: Uses all
components C1-C9. ANTIBODY DEPENDENT, starts with C1 binding
antibody that is bound to bacterial surface.
Alternative Complement Activation: Free circulating C3b binds surface of
bacterial cell. Required FACTOR B, FACTOR D, C3 (a+b), C5 (a+b)
,©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
Mannose-Binding Lectin Activation: macrophage phagocytosis releases
cytokines that tells the liver to make lectin (which binds bacterial surface
mannose). Uses C2, C4, C3 (convertase, a, and b), and C5
Strep pyogenes treatment - ✔✔penicillin, amoxicillin, or cephalosporin
Strep pyogenes Virulence Factors - ✔✔Group specific carbohydrate
(Lancefield Antigen)
Fimbriae/pili
F protein (binds fibronectin to adhere to respiratory cells)
M protein (adhesion, inhibits C3b binding which inhibits opsonization)
Capsule
C5a peptidase (ScpA)
Strep toxins - ✔✔Streptolysin S (SLS) cytotoxin that disrupts membranes,
nonimmunogenic
, ©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
Streptolysin O (SLO) cytotoxin that forms pore to lyse cell, very
immunogenic (causes beta hemolysis)
Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (SpeA-D) acts as superantigen, need
one of these to be able to cause Scarlet Fever, Streptococcal Toxic Shock
Like Syndrome, and Necrotizing Fasciitis
Staph aureus treatments - ✔✔Flucloxacillin
For MRSA: vancomycin
Strep pyogenes diseases - ✔✔Pharyngitis
Scarlet Fever (untreated infection by strain that has Spe toxin):
characterized by strawberry tongue, rashes on chest and extremities
Rheumatic fever
Necrotizing fasciitis
Strep pyogenes diagnosis - ✔✔Rapid antigen test (tests for Lancefield A
antigen by swabbing oropharynx)
BMS 602 Final Exam Questions and
Answers 100% Solved | Graded A+
What cells present antigen via MHC II? (What cells are Antigen Presenting
Cells/APCs)? - ✔✔Macrophages and dendritic cells (both derive from
monocytes)
B-cells
All of these cells load their antigens onto MHC II proteins in the phagosome
Types of T cells - ✔✔CD8/Killer T cells: in response to antigen binding,
secretes chemical to kill cells infected by intracellular pathogen
CD4/Helper T cell: stimulate B-cell antibody production via cell-cell
interaction. Further defined by the types of cytokines they release.
TH0 cells are the initial response, releases cytokines and can be
transferred to TH1 or TH2
,©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
TH1 cells produce IFNgamma to activate macrophages and dendritic cells,
promotes intracellular (viral/bacterial) response and fungal response
TH2 cells stimulate antibody production, creates memory T-cells
Classes/isotypes of antibodies - ✔✔IgG (FIXES COMPLEMENT, most
common antibody)
IgA (ON MUCOUS MEMBRANES, doesn't fix complement)
IgM (FIXES COMPLEMENT)
IgD (receptor on B-cells)
IgE
Complement System - ✔✔Classical Complement Activation: Uses all
components C1-C9. ANTIBODY DEPENDENT, starts with C1 binding
antibody that is bound to bacterial surface.
Alternative Complement Activation: Free circulating C3b binds surface of
bacterial cell. Required FACTOR B, FACTOR D, C3 (a+b), C5 (a+b)
,©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
Mannose-Binding Lectin Activation: macrophage phagocytosis releases
cytokines that tells the liver to make lectin (which binds bacterial surface
mannose). Uses C2, C4, C3 (convertase, a, and b), and C5
Strep pyogenes treatment - ✔✔penicillin, amoxicillin, or cephalosporin
Strep pyogenes Virulence Factors - ✔✔Group specific carbohydrate
(Lancefield Antigen)
Fimbriae/pili
F protein (binds fibronectin to adhere to respiratory cells)
M protein (adhesion, inhibits C3b binding which inhibits opsonization)
Capsule
C5a peptidase (ScpA)
Strep toxins - ✔✔Streptolysin S (SLS) cytotoxin that disrupts membranes,
nonimmunogenic
, ©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
Streptolysin O (SLO) cytotoxin that forms pore to lyse cell, very
immunogenic (causes beta hemolysis)
Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (SpeA-D) acts as superantigen, need
one of these to be able to cause Scarlet Fever, Streptococcal Toxic Shock
Like Syndrome, and Necrotizing Fasciitis
Staph aureus treatments - ✔✔Flucloxacillin
For MRSA: vancomycin
Strep pyogenes diseases - ✔✔Pharyngitis
Scarlet Fever (untreated infection by strain that has Spe toxin):
characterized by strawberry tongue, rashes on chest and extremities
Rheumatic fever
Necrotizing fasciitis
Strep pyogenes diagnosis - ✔✔Rapid antigen test (tests for Lancefield A
antigen by swabbing oropharynx)
