2024 NR 283 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 2 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
arteries - CORRECT-ANSWERStransport blood away from heart
veins - CORRECT-ANSWERStransport blood to the heart
pulmonary circulation - CORRECT-ANSWERSgas exchange in the lungs
function of plasma proteins - CORRECT-ANSWERSosmotic pressure, antibody,
and blood clots
erythrocytes - CORRECT-ANSWERScontain hemoglobin, life span of about 20
days
signs and symptoms of peripheral vascular disease - CORRECT-
ANSWERSintermittent claudication (leg pain), weak peripheral distal pulses
aortic aneurysm - CORRECT-ANSWERSlocalized dilation and weakening of
arterial wall, develops from defect in the medial layer
signs and symptoms of aortic aneurysm - CORRECT-ANSWERSasymptomatic
until rupture, rupture may lead to moderate bleeding but usually causes
severe hemorrhage and death
varicose veins - CORRECT-ANSWERSirregular, dilated, tortuous areas of
superficial veins, in the legs
thrombophlebitis - CORRECT-ANSWERSthrombus development in inflamed
vein
phlebothrombosis - CORRECT-ANSWERSthrombus forms spontaneously
without prior inflammation, attached loosely
capillaries - CORRECT-ANSWERSmicrocirculation within tissue
systemic circulation - CORRECT-ANSWERSexchange of gases, nutrients, and
wastes in tissues
triad of virchow - CORRECT-ANSWERSvenous stasis
venous endothelial damage
, hypercoagulable states
shock - CORRECT-ANSWERSresults from a decreased circulating blood
volume, leading to decreased tissue perfusion and general hypoxia
hypovolemic shock - CORRECT-ANSWERSloss of circulating blood volume
cardiogenic shock - CORRECT-ANSWERSinability of heart to maintain cardiac
output to circulation
early manifestations of shock - CORRECT-ANSWERSanxiety, tachycardia,
pallor, light-headedness, syncope, sweating, oliguria
compensation for shock - CORRECT-ANSWERSSNS and adrenal medulla
stimulated- increase HR, renin increases, increased ADH, secretion of
glucocorticoids, acidosis stimulates increased respirations
ventilation - CORRECT-ANSWERSair always moves from high pressure area to
low pressure area
tidal volume - CORRECT-ANSWERSamount of air entering lungs with each
normal breath
residual volume - CORRECT-ANSWERSamount of air remaining in the lungs
after forced expiration
vital capacity - CORRECT-ANSWERSmaximal amount of air expired following
a maximal inspiration
diffusion - CORRECT-ANSWERSgas exchange depends on relative
concentrations of the gases
factors affecting diffusion of gases - CORRECT-ANSWERSpartial pressure
gradient
fluid accumulation
total surface area available
thickness of alveolar membranes
ventilation-perfusion ratio
general manifestations of respiratory disease - CORRECT-ANSWERSsneezing,
coughing, sputum
eupnea - CORRECT-ANSWERSnormal rate (10-18 inspirations per minute)
tachypnea - CORRECT-ANSWERSrapid superficial breathing
EXAM 2 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
arteries - CORRECT-ANSWERStransport blood away from heart
veins - CORRECT-ANSWERStransport blood to the heart
pulmonary circulation - CORRECT-ANSWERSgas exchange in the lungs
function of plasma proteins - CORRECT-ANSWERSosmotic pressure, antibody,
and blood clots
erythrocytes - CORRECT-ANSWERScontain hemoglobin, life span of about 20
days
signs and symptoms of peripheral vascular disease - CORRECT-
ANSWERSintermittent claudication (leg pain), weak peripheral distal pulses
aortic aneurysm - CORRECT-ANSWERSlocalized dilation and weakening of
arterial wall, develops from defect in the medial layer
signs and symptoms of aortic aneurysm - CORRECT-ANSWERSasymptomatic
until rupture, rupture may lead to moderate bleeding but usually causes
severe hemorrhage and death
varicose veins - CORRECT-ANSWERSirregular, dilated, tortuous areas of
superficial veins, in the legs
thrombophlebitis - CORRECT-ANSWERSthrombus development in inflamed
vein
phlebothrombosis - CORRECT-ANSWERSthrombus forms spontaneously
without prior inflammation, attached loosely
capillaries - CORRECT-ANSWERSmicrocirculation within tissue
systemic circulation - CORRECT-ANSWERSexchange of gases, nutrients, and
wastes in tissues
triad of virchow - CORRECT-ANSWERSvenous stasis
venous endothelial damage
, hypercoagulable states
shock - CORRECT-ANSWERSresults from a decreased circulating blood
volume, leading to decreased tissue perfusion and general hypoxia
hypovolemic shock - CORRECT-ANSWERSloss of circulating blood volume
cardiogenic shock - CORRECT-ANSWERSinability of heart to maintain cardiac
output to circulation
early manifestations of shock - CORRECT-ANSWERSanxiety, tachycardia,
pallor, light-headedness, syncope, sweating, oliguria
compensation for shock - CORRECT-ANSWERSSNS and adrenal medulla
stimulated- increase HR, renin increases, increased ADH, secretion of
glucocorticoids, acidosis stimulates increased respirations
ventilation - CORRECT-ANSWERSair always moves from high pressure area to
low pressure area
tidal volume - CORRECT-ANSWERSamount of air entering lungs with each
normal breath
residual volume - CORRECT-ANSWERSamount of air remaining in the lungs
after forced expiration
vital capacity - CORRECT-ANSWERSmaximal amount of air expired following
a maximal inspiration
diffusion - CORRECT-ANSWERSgas exchange depends on relative
concentrations of the gases
factors affecting diffusion of gases - CORRECT-ANSWERSpartial pressure
gradient
fluid accumulation
total surface area available
thickness of alveolar membranes
ventilation-perfusion ratio
general manifestations of respiratory disease - CORRECT-ANSWERSsneezing,
coughing, sputum
eupnea - CORRECT-ANSWERSnormal rate (10-18 inspirations per minute)
tachypnea - CORRECT-ANSWERSrapid superficial breathing
