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Summary The Water Cycle and Water Insecurity EQ1

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An in depth description on Geography ALevel Edexcel The Water Cycle and Water Insecurity EQ1 > "What are the processes operating within the hydrological cycle from global to local scale?" All my documents are split into EQ's to keep it organised and easier to download and transfer. Documents in...

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  • 5 de septiembre de 2019
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Por: lewisbroom • 2 año hace

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Por: AliceKeegan10 • 4 año hace

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EQ1 The Water Cycle and Water insecurity 3.3.19


EQ1; What are the processes operating within the hydrological cycle from global to local
scale?

The Hydrological Cycle

Characteristics of the hydrological cycle
- Closed system; fixed amount of water in the world (1385 million km3)
- Driven by solar energy and gravitation potential
- Solar energy – More evaporation occurs as the global climate warms; more moisture
in the atmosphere; increase condensation & precipitation.
- Gravitational potential energy – keeps water moving through the system (inputs,
outputs, stores and flows). For example: Ice age- water is kept in the cryosphere as
snow and ice. Climate change has melted that, increasing sea levels. Smaller scale =
human water storage (reservoirs)

Polar Hydrology
- Freeze thaw seasonal differences
- Winter snow insulates ground- leading to 85% of solar radiation reflected
- Permafrost = impermeable surfaces
- Lakes & rivers are frozen
- Limited vegetation = reduces heat absorption
- Spring and summer thaw saturates land leading to rapid runoff and increases
evaporation.
- Seasonal freeze thaw cycle release gases (caused by decayed plants) trapped in the
ice, into the atmosphere.
- It is characterised by orographic or frontal precipitation and low humidity
- Annual precipitation less than 200mm – precipitation = rainfall

Tropical rainforest Hydrology
- Few seasonal differences
- Dense vegetation absorbs 75% of precipitation
- 50-75% of precipitation then returns by evaporation
- evapotranspiration cools the air – evapotranspiration = evaporation by vegetation
- rainforests generate their own rain (constantly recycling the same water)
- Limited surface infiltration or groundwater
- Deforestation reduces evaporation, thus reduces vapour and local rainfall
- Constant high temperatures
- It is characterised by convectional rainfall and high humidity
- Annual precipitation more than 2000mm

Cryosphere = areas of the earth where water is frozen into snow or ice
Stores = Reservoirs where water is held like the ocean
Fluxes = rate of flow between stores
Blue water = water stored in rivers, lakes, groundwater, in liquid form and is a visible part of
the hydrological cycle.
Green water = water stored in soil and vegetation, invisible part of the hydrological cycle.

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