WGU Pathophysiology D236 Questions And Answers

Describe how your body responds to an infection. - ANS T cells produce cytokines, which stimulate B cells. B cells produce antibodies. Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities. - ANS Mutations in genes or chromosomal abnormalities How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities? - ANS Alterations of DNA Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect wellbeing. - ANS (ex) Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias. Explain RAAS - ANS Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system 1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin > produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II > vasoconstriction > release aldosterone > kidneys conserve sodium and water > Result less water lost in urine and blood pressure maintained. DKA - ANS increased anion gap, decreased HCO3 How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis - ANS retain H and excrete HCO3 Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte? - ANS Potassium West Nile Virus - ANS Transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Severe signs and symptoms; high fever, headache and stiff neck Lyme disease - ANS Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Erythema infectiosum - ANS a febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed by the sudden appearance of red, flushed cheeks, "fifth disease" Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with _____. - ANS Spina bifida Trousseau's sign - ANS arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia Cause and sign of spina bifida - ANS results from failure of neural tube to close. sign - fluid filled sac on lower back. hemophilia is more common in - ANS males Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes - ANS ND-PAE, decreased brain function, FAS Connective vs muscle tissue disorders - ANS Connective- RA, Scleroderma, Lupus Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia Describe Lupus - ANS Inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain and butterfly rash Describe Myasthenia Gravis - ANS It is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies attack own Ach receptors. This causes weakness of skeletal muscles over the course of the day, along with ptosis, double vision, and difficulty swallowing. dermatitis - ANS inflammation of the skin eczema - ANS noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters, scabs, and itching decubitus ulcer - ANS sore caused by lying down for long periods of time Fungal infections - ANS superficial, localized skin conditions or deep tissue infections caused by exposure to spores may or may not be transmitted benign neoplasm - ANS noncancerous growths, stationary, distinct borders malignant neoplasm - ANS uncontrolled new tissue growth, irregular borders, spreads Osteoporosis - ANS The loss of bone mass often due to age, causing the bones to become porous, brittle, and easily fractured. osteomalacia - ANS disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency myoglobin - ANS red pigment that stores oxygen in muscle cells Bursa - ANS fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another Rickets - ANS a vitamin D deficiency in children, resulting in soft bones Degenerative disk disease - ANS A condition in which an intervertebral disk loses its normal structural integrity as a result of wear and tear, acute or repeated injuries or aging Paget disease - ANS Chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening of bones, that can occur in any bone but most commonly affects the long bones of the legs, the lower spine, the pelvis, and the skull communiuted fracture - ANS splintered into many pieces Three types of skin cancer - ANS 1. Basal cell carcinoma 2. Squamous cell carcinoma 3. Melanoma