Microbiology Bio 242 Final Study Guide Questions and Answers Solved

A positive skin test appears about 48 hours later and represents a T-cell mediated delayed hypersensitivity reaction with an induration and reddening around the injection site, the reaction can then be measured. - A positive skin test indicates either an active case, a prior infection, or vaccination, and immunity to the disease - Tuberculin Skin Test -active immunization: involves administering antigens to a patient so that the patient actively mounts an adaptive immune response -passive immunotherapy: patient acquires temporary immunity through the transfer of antibodies formed by other individuals or animals - Immunizations? -Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV): consists of an inactivated (killed) poliovirus strand of all three types, given by intramuscular injection Advantages= no risk of vaccine-associated polio paralysis because it's not live, very effective, used by most industrialized countries Disadvantages= low levels of immunity in the intestine so wild poliovirus can multiply, very expensive, need trained health workers and sterile equipment -Attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV): consists of a mixture of live, attenuated (weakened) poliovirus strains Advantages= inexpensive, long lasting, no needles, passive immunization in poor hygiene/sanitation areas Disadvantages= can cause paralysis, may reacquire neurovirulence - Discuss the two types of poliovirus vaccines available, including the advantages and disadvantages of each. African sleeping sickness - Tsetse flies transmits Anaerobe - An ______ organism that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen Antivirals - The client with varicella will most likely have an order for which of the category of medications?Bird and/or bats - The physician has ordered a histoplasmosis test for the elderly client. The nurse is aware that histoplasmosis is transmitted to humans by Blister like lesions which ulcerate - A distinctive features of secondary syphilis is Cell Wall - The Gram stain works because of the differences in the ______ of bacteria Cervical Cancer - Pap smears are used in the diagnosis of Chicken pox - Shingles, or herpes zoster, is caused by the same virus that causes Chlamydia trachomatis - The most common sexually transmitted bacterium is Cold viruses are frequently spread by contaminated fomites - Which of the following statements of TRUE regarding the common cold? Coxiella burnetti - The bacteria commonly transmitted via milk products is Cyst - Which of the following is a protozoan stage that allows for transmission of intestinal parasites from one host to another? cytomegalovirus - Which of the following is known to be teratogenic? Damage to the blood vessels - What is the pathogenic process underlying Rocky Mountain spotted fever? dermatophytes that have invaded deep layers of the skin - Ringworms is caused by