Cnpr Exam Correct answers latest update

Cnpr Exam Correct answers latest update Pharmaceuticals are arguably the most socially important healthcare product. True Pharmaceutical development is a high-risk undertaking, in which many promising leads prove disappointing. True Pharmaceutical sales are highest in which geographic regions? The U.S., Western Europe, and Japan. The U.S. accounts for about ______ of the world's pharmaceutical revenues. 50% What event has fueled recent growth in the pharmaceutical industry? Population growth and increased life expectancies. According to your manual, what describes the predicted relationship between pharmaceutical companies and genomic research facilities? Partnerships between them will not prove immediately profitable. Prescription drug therapy is not cost-effective for insurance companies and insurance providers. False The high price of healthcare is explained by the high price of medicines. False One of the oldest and least effective pharmaceutical marketing techniques is DTC (direct-to-consumer) advertising. False What influences the number of districts in a region? The regions population What is an example of the regionalization of healthcare delivery systems? California and Florida have different prescription reimbursement policies. The heart of a pharmaceutical sales team is the Regional Manager. False Most District Managers (DMs) did not start as representatives. False How many territories are in a typical district? 8 to 12 What is the most effective method for grabbing market share? Comparative selling. Pharmaceutical reps mainly visit pharmacies. False It usually takes about 1-2 calls to a physician before he/she commits to prescribing your product. False The pharmacist may dispense a product other than what the physician prescribed. True Which of the following would classify as Payers - Employers, patients, pharmacists, or physicians? Employers. How would you define ethical pharmaceutical companies? Ones that research and develop novel drugs. One of the most disappointing results of the pharmaceutical Industry's continued investment in R&D is the few new drugs being approved and in development. False Thanks to modern medicines, how long are people newly diagnosed with HIV expected to live? Another 50 years. How much has the average American lifespan increased since 1890? Almost 30 years What is a treatment group? A group of patients assigned to receive a specified treatment. What is the main difference between a blinded and a double-blinded study? In a double blind study, neither the study staff nor the study participants know which subjects are in the experimental group and which are in the control group. What does asymptomatic mean? Not exhibiting signs or symptoms. What term denotes the study of bodily functions (as opposed to structures)? Physiology. In its broadest definition, a drug is any substance that produces a physical or psychological change in the body. True How does the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) define a drug? Any substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, or a substance other than food intended to affect the structure or function of the body. Most of the body's required vitamins must be taken from outside the body. True ADME testing measures the rate at which the body absorbs the drug, distributes it to the organs necessary to produce the desired effect, metabolizes it into waste material, and then excretes it from the body. True What field is ADME testing used in primarily? Pharmacokinetics. Placebo effects can lead to withdrawal symptoms. True On average, only about 5 of 4,000 drugs studied in laboratory are eventually studied in people. True Sublingual drugs are absorbed directly and almost immediately into the bloodstream. True What are 3 of the 7 rights of drug administration? The right patient, the right drug, the right dose. Pro-drugs are administered in active form, which is metabolized into an inactive form. False The kidney of an 85-year old person excretes drugs only ______ as efficiently as that of a 35-year old person. Around 50% The normal age-related decrease in kidney function can help doctors determine an appropriate dosage based solely on a person's age. True What differentiates a caplet from a tablet? Caplets are shaped like capsules and have film coatings to aid in swallowing. Where will you find the legend, "Caution: Federal Law prohibits dispensing without a prescription."? On the label of all prescription drugs. What happens in slow acetylators? Drugs that are metabolized by N-acetyl transferase tend to reach higher blood levels and remain the body longer. About _______ of the people in the U.S. are slow acetylators. 50% Drug-drug interactions are always harmful. False Smoking decreases the effectiveness of some drugs. True Because dietary supplements are not drugs, interactions with drugs are not a concern. False Ehrlich stated that an ideal drug (magic bullet) does not exist, would be aimed precisely at a disease site, and would not harm healthy tissues. True What is the difference between resistance and tolerance? Tolerance refers to a person's diminished response to a drug after repeated use, while resistance applies to microorganism's or cancer cell's abilities to withstand drug effects. Between 3% and 7% of hospital admissions in the U.S. are estimated to be for treatment of adverse drug reactions. True There is no universal scale for quantifying the severity of an adverse drug reaction. True Why is noncompliance a serious public health concern? It increases the cost of medical care. Name 3 items available for which patent protection is available under U.S. regulations. The drug itself, the method of delivering and releasing the drug into the bloodstream, and the way the drug is made. Drugs' trade names are often unrelated to their intended use. False Like foods and household products, generic drugs are usually lower quality than the brand name drugs for which they are marketed as equivalents. False Legally, bioequivalence of different versions of a drug can vary by up to _____ percent. 20 Biologics do not cause immune responses. False "Large molecule" products are developed and manufactured by a chemical process. False What are the drugs that attract or bind cell receptors in order to mimic or enhance activities by endogenous chemical messengers? Agonists What term denotes how an API works in the body? Mechanism of action. What cements the active and inert components together to maintain cohesive portions? Binders. What does the abbreviation BID denote? Twice a day What is the medical abbreviation for 'as needed'? PRN. Which components might cause patient's different reactions to brand name and generic drugs? Differences in inactive ingredients. All cells have a nucleus. False Name three things that affect drug response. The patient's genetic makeup, age, body size, and use of other drugs and dietary supplements. The patient's other conditions and diseases. Whether or not the patient takes the drug properly. Drug reactions are predictable because they do not occur after a person has been previously exposed to the drug one or more times without any allergic reactions. False