NRNP 6566 WK 10 Knowledge Check

NRNP 6566 WK 10 Knowledge Check A 57 year old female is admitted to the oncology unit for chemotherapy related to her to acute leukemia. Her initial dose of chemo was 2 days ago. While rounding today, the patients tells the NP that she feels so weak. The NP notes her heart rate is 44 today (down from 68 2 days ago). She has had less than 100 cc of urine out over the last 24 hours. Labs from this morning include: LAB DATA: -Sodium 131 -Potassium 7.8 -Chloride 105 -Bicarbonate 17 -BUN 67 -Creatinine 5.8 -Glucose 83 -Calcium 7.6 -Phosphorus 6.8 -Uric acid 16.3 What is your working diagnosis for this patient? How would you treat her? Correct Answer: Diagnosis is hyperkalmeia probably from tumor lysis syndrome. Chemotherapy has cause cells to die releasing potassium into the circulation. The elevated uric acid, phsophorus, low calcium, and acute renal failure all stem from tumor lysis. Treatment Check a 12 lead EKG Give calcium gluconate to stabilize cardiac function Begin insulin and dextrose to shift potassium into the intracellular space. Aggressively administer fluids to treat potential pre-renal azotemia Consider Kayexalate to remove potassium. Response Feedback: [None Given] Using the Cockcroft and Gault formula, calculate the estimated GFR for the following patient. 52 year old female weighting 177 pounds. Plasma creatinine is 3.3 Correct Answer: The formula is: For this patient Response Feedback: In women you would multiple the result by 0.85 to reflect the lower muscle mass in women. 30 x .85 = 25 ml/min Medication doses in this patient would need to be altered due to the low GFR [None Given] How would you calculate the fractional excretion of sodium? What does this calculation tell you about the patient’s acute kidney injury? Correct Answer: Calculating the fractional excretion of sodium in patient’s with oliguria is helpful in distinguishing prerenal from intrinsic renal causes of acute kidney injury. The formula is: Respons e Feedbac k: A result of less than 1% indicates a prerenal cause of acute kidney injury. A vale greater than 2 percent indicates an intrinsic renal cause. This formula is less reliable in patients on diuretic therapy. [None Given] A 44 year old female is NPO following surgery for a bowel obstruction. She weighs 166 pounds. How would you calculate her daily maintenance IV fluid need while she is NPO? Correct Answer: For patients weighing more than 20 kg utilize this formula 1500 ml + {weight (kg) x 20 ml/kg/day} = 1500 ml + (75 kg x 20ml/kg) - 1500 ml + 1500 ml = 3000 ml /day or 125 cc / hour Response Feedback: This number accounts for insensible loss, urine output, and basic fluid needs. Patients with fever, NG or GI drainage, or fluid loss from another source will need more than the baseline amount. [None Given] A 65 year old man is admitted with left lobar pneumonia. His symptoms on admission included productive cough, fever, dyspnea, confusion, nausea vomiting, constipation, and weakness. He has a 45 pack year history of smoking. He admits to losing 35 pounds over the past 4 months but his wife says he thought that was because of his poor appetite, feeli