Test Bank for Cell and Molecular Biology Concepts and Experiments 8th Edition Karp | Complete A ll Chapters 2024/2025

Test Bank for Cell and Molecular Biology Concepts and Experiments 8th Edition Karp - Complete A ll Chapters 2024/2025. Which of the following tripeptides would be most likely to be soluble in an organic (hydrophobic) solvent like benzene? a) N - phenylalanine - alanine - glycine – C b) N - leucine - alanine - lysine - C c) N - proline - phenylalanine - leucine - C d) N - arginine - lysine - proline - C e) N - glutamate - aspartate - glycine – C Answer: c Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective: LO 2.5 Describe the general structure and functions of biological molecules. Section Reference: Section 2.5 The Nature of Biological Molecules 4) What kind of bond results from an unequal sharing of electrons? a) ionic bond b) polar covalent bond c) H bond d) nonpolar covalent bond Answer: b Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 2.1 Describe the role of electrons in the formation of covalent bonds. Section Reference: Section 2.1 Covalent Bonds 5) Under which circumstances would electrons be most likely to be shared equally? a) when they are equidistant from nuclei b) when they are equidistant from each other Page 3 c) when atoms of the same element are sharing them d) when the atoms sharing them are different Answer: c Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 2.1 Describe the role of electrons in the formation of covalent bonds. Section Reference: Section 2.1 Covalent Bonds 6) The most electronegative atoms typically present in biological molecules are ____ and ____. a) O, C b) O, P c) O, N d) C, N e) C, Na Answer: c Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 2.1 Describe the role of electrons in the formation of covalent bonds. Section Reference: Section 2.1 Covalent Bonds 7) The most stable atoms and thus those that are typically nonreactive are the atoms that have _______. a) equal numbers of electrons and protons b) equal numbers of electrons and neutrons c) full inner shells d) full outer shells e) all covalent bonds Answer: d Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 2.1 Describe the role of electrons in the formation of covalent bonds. Section Reference: Section 2.1 Covalent Bonds 8) Why are free ionic bonds of little importance and relatively unlikely to form in living organisms? 1)Cells are composed mostly of water, which interferes with ionic bonds between free ions. 2)Cells are largely hydrophobic. 3)They are crystals. a) 1 b) 2 Page 4 c) 3 d) 1 and 2 e) 2 and 3 Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 2.3 Describe the role of noncovalent bonds in the structure of molecules such as water. Section Reference: Section 2.3 Noncovalent Bonds 9) In a living organism, where are ionic bonds most likely to be found? a) in the cytoplasm b) between DNA strands c) deep in a protein's core where water is excluded d) on the surface of a protein e) on the surface of a lipid Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 2.3 Describe the role of noncovalent bonds in the structure of molecules such as water. Section Reference: Section 2.3 Noncovalent Bonds 10) Which interaction is most important in enhancing the solubility of macromolecules in water? a) hydrophobic interactions b) nonpolar covalent bonds c) H bonds d) van der Waals forces e) Both hydrophobic interactions and nonpolar covalent bonds Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 2.3 Describe the role of noncovalent bonds in the structure of molecules such as water. Section Reference: Section 2.3 Noncovalent Bonds 11) Where are hydrophobic interactions most likely to occur? a) on the surface of a water-soluble protein b) the core of a water-soluble protein c) in contact with water molecules d) between two charged molecules Page 5 e) between two ions Answer: b Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 2.3 Describe the role of noncovalent bonds in the structure of molecules such as water. Section Reference: Section 2.3 Noncovalent Bonds 12) What kind of noncovalent interaction is typified by interactions between two molecules that are so close together that they can experience weak attractive forces bonding them together? a) H bonds b) ionic bonds c) hydrophobic interactions d) polar covalent bonds e) van der Waals forces Answer: e Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 2.3 Describe the role of noncovalent bonds in the structure of molecules such as water. Section Reference: Section 2.3 Noncovalent Bonds 13) A molecule that is capable of releasing or donating a hydrogen ion is termed a(n) _______. a) base b) hydrion c) acid d) anachronism e) pain Answer: c Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 2.4 Explain the characteristics of acids, bases, and buffers. Section Reference: Section 2.4 Acids, Bases, and Buffers 14) A release of hydrogen ions to a solution would most likely ____________. a) raise pH b) lower pH c) buffer pH d) change salinity e) keep pH steady Page 6 Answer: b Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 2.4 Explain the characteristics of acids, bases, and buffers. Section Reference: Section 2.4 Acids, Bases, and Buffers 15) Why is silicon not suitable for making covalent bonds stable and strong enough to form the basis of living organisms, even though it is just below carbon on the periodic table? a) Silicon is too large for its nucleus to attract the valence electrons of neighboring atoms enough to hold molecules together sufficiently. b) Silicon is too small for its nucleus to attract the valence electrons of neighboring atoms enough to hold molecules together sufficiently. c) Silicon is too large for its nucleus to attract the protons of neighboring atoms enough to hold molecules together. d) Silicon is too small for its nucleus to attract the protons of neighboring atoms enough to hold molecules together. Answer: a Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective: LO 2.1 Describe the role of electrons in the formation of covalent bonds. Section Reference: Section 2.1 Covalent Bonds 16) The low-molecular-weight building blocks of polymers are called _______. a) minipolymers b) monoblocks c) monomers d) portions e) octamers Answer: c Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 2.5 Describe the general structure and functions of biological molecules. Section Reference: Section 2.5 The Nature of Biological Molecules 17) What bond is responsible for the branch points in glycogen and amylopectin? a)  (1—>4) glycosidic linkages b)  (1—>4) glycosidic linkages Page 7 c)  (1—>6) glycosidic linkages d)  (1—>6) glycosidic linkages e) 3'-5' phosphodiester linkages Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 2.6 Describe the structures and functions of carbohydrates. Section Reference: Section 2.6 Carbohydrates 18) Which polysaccharide bond cannot be broken by mammalian enzymes that normally digest polysaccharides? a)  (1—>4) glycosidic linkages b)  (1—>4) glycosidic linkages c)  (1—>6) glycosidic linkages d)  (1—>6) glycosidic linkages e) phosphate ester linkages Answer: b Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective: LO 2.6 Describe the structures and functions of carbohydrates. Section Reference: Section 2.6 Carbohydrates 19) Why do sugars tend to be highly water soluble? a) because they have only a few hydroxyl groups b) because of their large numbers of hydroxyl groups c) because of their large numbers of sulfhydryl groups d) because of their large numbers of methyl groups e) because of their small molecular weights Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 2.6 Describe the structures and functions of carbohydrates. Section Reference: Section 2.6 Carbohydrates