Chapter 7
Motivation Concepts
Learning Objectives
1. Describe the three key elements of motivation.
2. Compare the early theories of motivation.
3. Contrast the elements of self-determination theory and goal-setting theory.
4. Understand the differences among self-efficacy theory, reinforcement theory, and
expectancy theory.
5. Describe the forms of organizational justice, including distributive justice,
procedural justice, informational justice, and interactional justice.
6. Identify the implications of employee job engagement for managers.
7. Describe how the contemporary theories of motivation complement one another.
1. Describe the Three Key Elements of Motivation
•Motivation is the processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and
persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.
•The level of motivation varies both between individuals and within individuals at
different times.
The three key elements of motivation are:
1. Intensity: concerned with how hard a person tries.
2. Direction: the orientation that benefits the organization.
3. Persistence: a measure of how long a person can maintain his/her effort.
, 2. Compare the Early Theories of Motivation
Exhibit 7-1 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
• Maslow’s need theory has received wide recognition, particularly among practicing
managers.
➔ It is intuitively logical and easy to understand and some research has validated it.
➔ However, most research does not, and it hasn’t been frequently researched since
the 1960s.
Exhibit 7-2 Comparison of Satisfiers and Dissatisfiers
Motivation Concepts
Learning Objectives
1. Describe the three key elements of motivation.
2. Compare the early theories of motivation.
3. Contrast the elements of self-determination theory and goal-setting theory.
4. Understand the differences among self-efficacy theory, reinforcement theory, and
expectancy theory.
5. Describe the forms of organizational justice, including distributive justice,
procedural justice, informational justice, and interactional justice.
6. Identify the implications of employee job engagement for managers.
7. Describe how the contemporary theories of motivation complement one another.
1. Describe the Three Key Elements of Motivation
•Motivation is the processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and
persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.
•The level of motivation varies both between individuals and within individuals at
different times.
The three key elements of motivation are:
1. Intensity: concerned with how hard a person tries.
2. Direction: the orientation that benefits the organization.
3. Persistence: a measure of how long a person can maintain his/her effort.
, 2. Compare the Early Theories of Motivation
Exhibit 7-1 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
• Maslow’s need theory has received wide recognition, particularly among practicing
managers.
➔ It is intuitively logical and easy to understand and some research has validated it.
➔ However, most research does not, and it hasn’t been frequently researched since
the 1960s.
Exhibit 7-2 Comparison of Satisfiers and Dissatisfiers
