Solution Manual For CompTIA® Network (IT) +N10-008 Cert Guide with Complete Solutions.

Solution Manual For CompTIA® Network (IT) +N10-008 Cert Guide with Complete Solutions. Contents at a Glance Introduction xxxviii Part I: Networking Fundamentals CHAPTER 1 The OSI Model and Encapsulation 3 CHAPTER 2 Network Topologies and Types 35 CHAPTER 3 Network Media Types 79 CHAPTER 4 IP Addressing 105 CHAPTER 5 Common Ports and Protocols 165 CHAPTER 6 Network Services 181 CHAPTER 7 Corporate and Datacenter Architectures 197 CHAPTER 8 Cloud Concepts 211 Part II: Network Implementations CHAPTER 9 Various Network Devices 221 CHAPTER 10 Routing Technologies and Bandwidth Management 255 CHAPTER 11 Ethernet Switching 283 CHAPTER 12 Wireless Standards 321 Part III: Network Operations CHAPTER 13 Ensure Network Availability 353 CHAPTER 14 Organizational Documents and Policies 375 CHAPTER 15 High Availability and Disaster Recovery 393 Part IV: Network Security CHAPTER 16 Common Security Concepts 417 CHAPTER 17 Common Types of Attacks 439 CHAPTER 18 Network Hardening Techniques 453 CHAPTER 19 Remote Access Methods 465 CHAPTER 20 Physical Security 485 A01_Sequeira_FM-pi-pxlix_ 8 20/08/21 2:40 PM Contents at a Glance ix Part V: Network Troubleshooting CHAPTER 21 A Network Troubleshooting Methodology 495 CHAPTER 22 Troubleshoot Common Cabling Problems 505 CHAPTER 23 Network Software Tools and Commands 519 CHAPTER 24 Troubleshoot Common Wireless Issues 549 CHAPTER 25 Troubleshoot General Network Issues 561 Part VI: Final Preparation CHAPTER 26 Final Preparation 571 Glossary of Key Terms 579 APPENDIX A Answers to Review Questions 623 APPENDIX B CompTIA Network+ (N10-008) Cert Guide Exam Updates 639 Index 641 ONLINE ELEMENTS: APPENDIX C Memory Tables APPENDIX D Memory Tables Answer Key APPENDIX E Study Planner Exam Essentials Interactive Study Guide Key Terms Flash Cards Application Instructional Videos Performance-Based Exercises Comptia Network+ N10-008 Hands-On Lab Simulator Lite Software A01_Sequeira_FM-pi-pxlix_ 9 20/08/21 2:40 PM xlviii CompTIA® Network+ N10-008 Cert Guide How This Book Is Organized Although this book could be read cover to cover, it is designed to be flexible and allow you to easily move between chapters and sections of chapters to cover just the material that you need more work with. However, if you do intend to read all the chapters, the order in the book is an excellent sequence to use: ■ Chapter 1: The OSI Model and Encapsulation—The OSI model is an extremely powerful guide you can use as you design, implement, and troubleshoot networks. ■ Chapter 2: Network Topologies and Types—This chapter explores the many types of networks and topologies used in enterprises today. ■ Chapter 3: Network Media Types—This chapter drills deep into the media that connects networks today. ■ Chapter 4: IP Addressing—Addressing of systems is critical in networks, and this chapter covers the addressing used with IPv4 and IPv6. ■ Chapter 5: Common Ports and Protocols—This chapter introduces many of the common ports and protocols in use today. ■ Chapter 6: Network Services—The network is the plumbing that carries the data and services you require. This chapter examines some of the many services that you will encounter in networks today. ■ Chapter 7: Corporate and Datacenter Architectures—Today’s corporate enterprise networks and the datacenters that are common in networks today are the subject of this chapter. ■ Chapter 8: Cloud Concepts—This chapter explores key principles of the cloud, which has become common in networks today. ■ Chapter 9: Various Network Devices—This chapter explores some of the various devices found in networks today. ■ Chapter 10: Routing Technologies and Bandwidth Management— Moving packets from one network to another is the job of a router. This chapter ensures that you are well versed in the many technologies that operate in this category. ■ Chapter 11: Ethernet Switching—Wireless is great, but Ethernet still rules the access layer. This chapter explores Ethernet in depth. ■ Chapter 12: Wireless Standards—Wireless networking is here to stay. This chapter provides you with details on important topics such as security and emerging technologies. A01_Sequeira_FM-pi-pxlix_ 48 20/08/21 2:40 PM Introduction xlix ■ Chapter 13: Ensure Network Availability—There are many tools available today to help you ensure that a network is running smoothly. This chapter details many of them. ■ Chapter 14: Organizational Documents and Policies—This chapter discusses many of the documents and policies that are found in enterprises today. Those that could impact the IT department are the focus of this chapter. ■ Chapter 15: High Availability and Disaster Recovery—Making sure the network is always available is the subject of this chapter. ■ Chapter 16: Common Security Concepts—This chapter explores the fundamentals of network security. ■ Chapter 17: Common Types of Attacks—This chapter covers the most common types of attacks in the cybersecurity landscape today. ■ Chapter 18: Network Hardening Techniques—This chapter explores the methods of hardening the network and its devices against the most common attacks. ■ Chapter 19: Remote Access Methods—This chapter explores the many types of remote access that are possible today. ■ Chapter 20: Physical Security—This chapter explores the important topic of physical security for a network. ■ Chapter 21: A Network Troubleshooting Methodology—Whereas other chapters just touch on network troubleshooting, this chapter makes it the focus. ■ Chapter 22: Troubleshoot Common Cabling Problems—This chapter examines the most common issues with network media and what you can do to detect and resolve these issues. ■ Chapter 23: Network Software Tools and Commands—This chapter explores many of the common tools and commands you can use to troubleshoot a network. ■ Chapter 24: Troubleshoot Common Wireless Issues—This chapter explores the most common issues with wireless networks. ■ Chapter 25: Troubleshoot General Network Issues—This chapter explores common general network issues and how you can quickly detect and resolve them. A01_Sequeira_FM-pi-pxlix_ 49 20/08/21 2:40 PM CHAPTER 10 Routing Technologies and Bandwidth Management In Chapter 4, “IP Addressing,” you learned how Internet Protocol (IP) networks can be divided into subnets. Each subnet is its own broadcast domain, and the device that separates broadcast domains is a router (which this text considers synonymous with a multilayer switch). A multilayer switch is a network device that can perform the Layer 2 switching of frames as well as the Layer 3 routing of IP packets. Multilayer switches generally use dedicated chips to perform these functions and, as a result, may be faster than traditional routers in forwarding packets. For traffic to flow between subnets, the traffic has to be routed; this routing is a router’s primary job. This chapter discusses how routing occurs and introduces a variety of approaches for performing routing, including dynamic routing, static routing, and default routing. The chapter also breaks down the various categories of routing protocols and provides specific examples of each. The chapter concludes with a discussion of various bandwidth management topics, including a discussion of QoS concepts, such as traffic shaping. 9780137449941_print_ 255 17/08/21 5:50 PM 256 CompTIA® Network+ N10-008 Cert Guide Foundation Topics Routing To understand basic routing processes, consider Figure 10-1. In this topology, PC1 needs to send traffic to Server1. Notice that these devices are on different networks. In this topology, how does a packet from the source IP address 192.168.1.2 get routed to the destination IP address 192.168.3.2? Server1 SW1 R1 R2 SW2 IP Address: 192.168.1.2/24 MAC Address: 1111.1111.1111 Default Gateway: 192.168.1.1 IP Address: 192.168.3.2/24 MAC Address: 2222.2222.2222 Default Gateway: 192.168.3.1 Fa 0/0 192.168.1.1/24 AAAA.AAAA.AAAA Fa 0/0 192.168.3.1/24 BBBB.BBBB.BBBB S 1/1 192.168.2.1/30 S 1/1 192.168.2.2/30 PC1 FIGURE 10-1 Basic Routing Topology It might help to walk through this process systematically: Step 1. PC1 compares its IP address and subnet mask 192.168.1.2/24 with the destination IP address and subnet mask 192.168.3.2/24. PC1 concludes that the destination IP address resides on a remote subnet. Therefore, PC1 needs to send the packet to its default gateway, which could have been manually configured on PC1 or dynamically learned via Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). In this example, PC1 has the default gateway 192.168.1.1 (router R1). However, to construct a Layer 2 frame, PC1 also needs the MAC address of its default gateway. PC1 sends an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) request for router R1’s MAC address. After PC1 receives an ARP reply from router R1, PC1 adds router R1’s MAC address to its ARP cache. PC1 now sends its data in a frame destined for Server1, as shown in Figure 10-2. 9780137449941_print_ 256 17/08/21 5:50 PM Chapter 10: Routing Technologies and Bandwidth Management 257 NOTE ARP is a broadcast-based protocol and, therefore, does not travel beyond the local subnet of the sender. Server1 SW1 R1 R2 SW2 IP Address: 192.168.1.2/24 MAC Address: 1111.1111.1111 Default Gateway: 192.168.1.1 PC1’s ARP Cache IP Address: 192.168.3.2/24 MAC Address: 2222.2222.2222 Default Gateway: 192.168.3.1 Fa 0/0 192.168.1.1/24 AAAA.AAAA.AAAA Fa 0/0 192.168.3.1/24 BBBB.BBBB.BBBB S 1/1 192.168.2.1/30 S 1/1 192.168.2.2/30 PC1 ARP Request Data Frame ARP Reply Source IP Address: 192.168.1.2 Source MAC Address: 1111.1111.1111 Destination IP Address: 192.168.3.2 Destination MAC Address: AAAA.AAAA.AAAA 192.168.1.1 AAAA.AAAA.AAAA FIGURE 10-2 Basic Routing: Step 1 Step 2. Router R1 receives the frame sent from PC1 and interrogates the IP header. An IP header contains a Time-to-Live (TTL) field, which is decremented once for each router hop. Therefore, router R1 decrements the packet’s TTL field. If the value in the TTL field is reduced to 0, the router discards the frame and sends a “time exceeded” Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) message back to the source. As long as the TTL has not been decremented to 0, router R1 checks its routing table to determine the best path to reach network 192.168.3.0/24. In this example, router R1’s routing table has an entry stating that network 192.168.3.0/24 is accessible via interface Serial 1/1. Note that ARP is not required for serial interfaces because these interface types do not have MAC addresses. Router R1, therefore, forwards the frame out its Serial 1/1 interface, as shown in Figure 10-3.