Hondros 155 Case Studies Exam With Complete Solution Graded A+

Identifying Signs and Symptoms - Answer-Noticing-The ability to recognize that a situation is different, changed, and not of normal state Ex: How do you know food in refrigerator is spoiled? Smell, taste, expired, etc... Gathering Complete and Accurate Data - Answer-Noticing- Collecting pertinent data from various sources. This data is used as the basis for identifying issues/concerns, solving problems, and making decisions. Must very that data is COMPLETE and ACCURATE Ex: Patient interview, subjective and objective data, chart/medical records. Using both primary and secondary sources of information Assessing Systematically and Comprehensively - Answer-Noticing- An organized manner to collect data to make sure nothing is omitted or forgotten. Examining the whole, piece by piece in a thorough manner. Ex: Focused, Head-to-toe , and body systems assessment Predicting Potential Complications - Answer-Noticing- Looking at the big picture to consider possible complications for an individual patient. Must know common complications and consider individual differences. Ex: Recognizing that all surgical patients are at risk for atelectasis and pneumonia. Identifying Assumptions - Answer-Noticing- Taking something for granted or hastily arriving at a conclusion without supporting evidence. A misconception Ex: All older people are confused or can't hear well. All thin people are healthy Clustering Related Information - Answer-Interpreting- Grouping together information with a common theme. A method of organizing data so that you put related things together in order to better understand the situation.Ex: Sorting laundry - whites, colors, delicates Headache- clustering other related symptoms (sleepy, hungry, hit head) Recognizing Inconsistencies - Answer-Interpreting- Identifying mismatched data. Seeing if subjective data and objective data support each other. What you see does not match what they say. Ex: Patient denies pain but is tearful, grimacing, both fists clinched. Checking Accuracy and Reliability - Answer-Interpreting- Realizing that something doesn't seem quite right and taking action to determine if it is accurate or not. Sounds suspicious and looking further into it. (ask more questions) Ex: Advertising company says you won a free trip, just need credit card info to hold for you. When you call the number to confirm, number is disconnected. Distinguishing Relevant from Irrelevant - Answer-Interpreting- Deciding which information is pertinent or connects to the matter at hand. Nurses must sort out what information relates to the current problem or situation. Ex: Car dashboard is full of information, but what gives you information about your speedSpeedometer, gas gauge, or tachometer? Determining the Importance of Information - Answer-Interpreting- Nurses must be able to sort through clinical noise and act on important information, and disregard what's not important. Evaluate information to identify a possible new issue/problem that was not previously identifying. Figure out what is new or what has changed. Ex: Family has 2 doctors appointments, homework, and softball in one day. What comes first? Comparing and Contrasting - Answer-Interpreting- Looking at two similar cases, identifying the subtle differences, and acting on them. Ex: Looking at 2 patients with arthritis around the same age. Look for similarities and subtle differencesManaging Potential Complications - Answer-Interpreting- Planning interventions to help manage or reduce the risk of complications