NUR 390 Module 14 Exam - Sexuality

The nurse is advising a patient who was exposed 4 days ago to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through unprotected sexual intercourse. The patient's antigen-antibody test has just been reported as negative for HIV. Which information would the nurse give to this patient? "You will need to be retested in 2 weeks." "You do not need to fear infecting others." "We won't know for about 10 years if you have HIV infection." "With no symptoms and this negative test, you do not have HIV." "You will need to be retested in 2 weeks." HIV screening tests detect HIV-specific antibodies or antigens. However, there may be a delay between infection and the time a screening test is able to detect HIV. The typical "window period" for antigen-antibody combination assays is approximately 3 weeks. It would be best practice to have the patient return for repeat testing in approximately 2 weeks. It is not known based on this information whether the patient is infected with HIV or can infect others. A patient who has a positive test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies is admitted to the hospital with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) and a CD4+ count of less than 200 cells/mL. Based on diagnostic criteria established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which interpretation is correct? "The patient meets the criteria for a diagnosis of acute HIV infection." "The patient will be diagnosed with asymptomatic chronic HIV infection." "The patient will likely develop symptomatic HIV infection within 1 year." "The patient has developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)." "The patient has developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)." Development of PCP meets the diagnostic criteria for AIDS. The other responses indicate earlier stages of HIV infection than is indicated by the PCP infection.A patient informed of a positive rapid screening test result for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is anxious and does not appear to hear what the nurse is saying. Which action by the nurse is most important at this time? Inform the patient about the available treatments. Teach the patient how to manage a possible drug regimen. Remind the patient to return for retesting to verify the results. Ask the patient to identify those persons who had intimate contact. Remind the patient to return for retesting to verify the results. After an initial positive antibody test result, the next step is retesting to confirm the results. A patient who is anxious is not likely to be able to take in new information or be willing to disclose information about the HIV status of other individuals. A pregnant woman with asymptomatic chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is seen at the clinic. The patient states, "I am very nervous about making my baby sick." Which information will the nurse include when teaching the patient? The antiretroviral medications used to treat HIV infection are teratogenic. Most infants born to HIV-positive mothers are not infected with the virus. Because it is an early stage of HIV infection, the infant will not contract HIV. Her newborn will be born with HIV unless she uses antiretroviral therapy (ART). Most infants born to HIV-positive mothers are not infected with the virus. Only 25% of infants born to HIV-positive mothers develop HIV infection, even when the mother does not use ART during pregnancy. The percentage drops to 1% when ART is used. Perinatal transmission can occur at any stage of HIV infection (although it is less likely to occur when the viral load is lower). ART can safely be used in pregnancy, although some ART drugs should be avoided. Which exposure by the nurse is most likely to require postexposure prophylaxis when the patient's human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status is unknown? Bite to the arm that does not result in open skin. Splash into the eyes while emptying a bedpan containing stool.Needle stick with a needle and syringe used for a venipuncture. Contamination of open skin lesions with patient vaginal secretions. Needle stick with a needle and syringe used for a venipuncture. Puncture wounds are the most common means for workplace transmission of blood-borne diseases, and a needle with a hollow bore that had been contaminated with the patient's blood would be a high-risk situation. The other situations described would be much less likely to result in transmission of the virus. A patient who is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected has a CD4+ cell count of 400/L. Which factor is most important for the nurse to determine before the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for this patient? CD4+ cell count How the patient obtained HIV Patient's tolerance for potential medication side effects Patient's ability to follow a complex medication regimen Patient's ability to follow a complex medication regimen Drug resistance develops quickly unless the patient takes ART medications on a strict, regular schedule. In addition, drug resistance endangers both the patient and community. The other information is also important to consider, but patients who are unable to manage and follow a complex drug treatment regimen should not be considered for ART. Which patient would benefit from education about HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP)? A 23-yr-old woman living with HIV infection A 52-yr-old recently single woman just diagnosed with chlamydia A 33-yr-old hospice worker who received a needle stick injury 3 hours ago A 60-yr-old male in a monogamous relationship with an uninfected partner A 52-yr-old recently single woman just diagnosed with chlamydia Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is used to prevent HIV infection. Persons who would be good candidates for PrEP include individuals with a recent diagnosis of an STI and those with more than one partner. Individuals who are not on PrEP butwho have a recent high-risk exposure (such as a needle stick) would be better candidates for postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). A person in a monogamous relationship with an HIV-uninfected partner is considered low-risk for HIV infection.