UGA History Exemption Test – UPDATED 2024 Study Guide

WATCH THIS CRASH COURSE SERIES - Pre-Columbian Peoples of the American Southwest - -Agriculturally focused groups that developed powerful and complex societies -Became increasingly dependent on the cultivation of maize Pre-Columbian economy in Great Basin and the western Great Plains - - Migratory because of limited resources Pre-Columbian economy in the Northeast and along the Atlantic Seaboard - -Another Group of tribes in present-day NY formed the Iroquois League -Cultivated crops and participated in foraging and hunting, often creating lasting settlements Hernan Cortes - Spanish explorer who marched across mexico and conquered the aztecs - from spain Hernando de Soto - -explored deep in USA -first to cross and disocer Miss. River -claimed for Spain Georgia first colonized by Spanish because they were looking for - gold and land The Columbian Exchange - The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages. The Treaty of Tordesillas - A 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal. St. Augustine - -1st colony in Florida set up by Spain joint-stock company - A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts. James Edward Oglethorpe - The leader of English Parliament who founded the Georgia colony James Wright - Georgia's third, and final, royal governor Jamestown - -First permanent English settlement -Starving time (% died) -1619: first slave ship of africans - 1640: modern concept of slavery was established in US Why did colonists come to the New World? - Religious freedom profit adventure...etc. Original Trustees of Ga were provided what - 50 acres , free passage, provisions for 1 yr William Penn - -Founder of Pennsylvania -Pushed for democracy and religious freedom -Quaker -Wanted to unite all of the U.S. colonies Quakers - -believed human religious institutions were largey unnecessary -thought they could receive revelationg directly form God and placed little importance on the Bible -pacifists and declined to show customary deference to their alleged social superiors -their aggressiveness in denouncing established institutions brought them trouble in both britain and america -opposed slavery and favored decent treatment of Native Americans -elements of the culture would play a role in shaping the characterization of a United States that valued independence and social equality What country claimed Quebec? - The French French Colonization in the New World - French and Dutch Colonies in the new world usually relied on cooperation with native peoples instead of extensive settlement and force in contrast to the spanish and british Dutch Colonization in the New World - -first colonies functioned more as trading outposts than settlements -the Dutch commissioned an expedition by English explorer Henry Hudson to North America -Hudson failed in his search for a Northwest Passage, but his reports of abundant resources created interest among Dutch merchants -The Dutch West India Company was chartered to develop colonies in North America -the company tried to attract immigrants with land grants, and a diverse group of European settlers slowly began to arrive -its most important settlement was New Amsterdam, which became a center for trade -usually relied on cooperation with native peoples instead of extensive settlement and force, in contrast to the Spanish and British Types of New British Colonies in the New World - -Charter Colony: colonist were members of a corp -Royal Colony: governor selected by King -Proprietary colonies: owned by individuals Characteristics of New England Colonies: - Founded primarily by Puritans, that wanted a group of like-minded individuals; close-knit, longer life expectancies; mixed economy of farming and trade What is the headright system? - The headright system is when a landowner would pay for an individual's passage from England to America. The landowner would receive 50 acres of land and that same individual to work the land. Who settled land west of the Mississippi River A. The French B. The Dutch C. The Spanish D. The British - A. The French Who settled land in New York - The Dutch along Hudson River later colonized New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island. Main cash crop of Chesapeake Bay (Virginia and Maryland) - Tobacco ??? Early settlers wanted main crop to be ______ , ended up being _______ - wine/silk and rice/indigo Later cash crops became tobacco and cotton King Phillip's War - Most Indians lost in New England King Philip's War was an armed conflict between American Indian inhabitants of New England versus the New England colonists and their Indian allies in 1675-78 Bacon's Rebellion - -armed rebellion in 1676 by Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of Governor William Berkeley. - First rebellion in the colonies Whiskey Rebellion - In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. The incident showed that the new government