Biology EOC review: Ecology, Evolution & Classification Questions With Complete Solutions

What are the levels of organization? correct answer: Cells - Tissues - Organs- organ systems - organism - population - community - ecosystem - biome - biosphere Cells correct answer: Basic unit of life Tissues correct answer: Groups of cells with a common structure and function. Organs correct answer: Groups of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or related functions Organ system correct answer: a group of organs working together to complete a function Organism correct answer: A living thing Population correct answer: group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area Community correct answer: All living things in one area Ecosystem correct answer: All living and non-living things in one area Biome correct answer: A group of ecosystems with similar climates and organisms Biosphere correct answer: Earth Autotroph correct answer: Producers; make their own food Heterotroph correct answer: Consumers; obtain energy by eating other things Decomposer correct answer: Break down decaying or dead material Explain the four trophic levels in an ecosystem. correct answer: Producers (autotrophs) - primary consumers (herbivores, eat plants) - secondary consumers (smaller omnivores that eat plants and some primary consumers) - tertiary consumers/top predators (large omnivores or carnivores). Energy pyramids provide what type of information? correct answer: How much biomass is in each trophic level for that ecosystem, as well as what animals/plants can be found in each trophic level. What role do decomposers and nitrogen fixing bacteria play in the nitrogen cycle? correct answer: Decomposers break down dead/decaying material, which puts nitrogen back into the soil, while nitrogen-fixing bacteria are able to turn atmospheric nitrogen into usable solid nitrogen like ammonia, nitrates and nitrites. Describe what occurs in the water cycle (including evaporation, transpiration, condensation and precipitation) page correct answer: Water falls as precipitation, is accumulated and stored on the earth in bodies of water or as ground water or as ice (if it is cold enough), it returns to the atmosphere in its gas form during evaporation when temperatures are warm enough. Plants can 'sweat' out water in the form of transpiration and water can condense on surfaces (going from a gas to a liquid) when temperatures are cool enough. Sublimation is the process in which water can go directly from a solid (ice) to a gas (water vapor). 7. What is the role of plants in the water cycle? correct answer: Plants take up groundwater through their roots to use during photosynthesis and can release water through the process of transpiration. Describe how the sun is the ultimate source of energy on earth (in food chain) correct answer: The sun provides plants with the energy they need to make their own food. Plants are then consumed by primary consumers and some secondary consumers, which are then consumed by other secondary consumers or tertiary consumers. There would be no food without plants and no plants without the sun What is the difference between a food chain and a food web? Use the web to the left to create a food chain. correct answer: A chain displays a single sequence showing the direct route of energy from plants to the top predator. A web shows all of the interactions between predators and prey within an ecosystem. What is biological magnification? Explain the effects that DDT had on all levels of the food chain. correct answer: Biomagnification occurs when a pollutant moves up a food chain and accumulates in higher amounts in the bodies of predators. Example: DDT and Eagles- DDT is sprayed on plants and gets washed into the water sources where it accumates in the fish who eat the plants there. The fish then get eaten by big