PHRN 135 Drugs Questions With Complete Solutions.

Benzodiazepines (Diazepam, Lorazepam, Clonazepam, Clobazam) correct answer: Increase GABA-ergic neurotransmission. Diazapam: Status epilepticus Lorazepam: Status epilepticus Clonazepam: absence seizures (blocks t-type Ca2+ channels) Clobazam: Lennox-Gastaut syndrome WITHDRAWAL TRIGGERS SEIZURES. SEDATION & RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION Other adverse effects: CNS depression, GI upset, suicidal behavior Carbamazepine correct answer: Blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels by binding to inactivation gate--prolong inactivated state--good for focal/secondarily generalized seizures less drug interactions and less CNS than phenytoin CYP inducer + CYP3A4 substrate HEMATOLOGICAL ABNORMALTIES (APLASTIC ANEMIA & AGRANULOCYTOSIS) STEVEN JOHNSON SYNDROME DYSCRASIAS Other adverse Effects: withdrawal triggers seizures, CNS depression, GI upset, suicidal behavior Divalproex correct answer: 1:1 mix of sodium valproate + valproic acid better GIT tolerance Ethosuximide correct answer: •Blocks t-type Ca+ channels--treats absence seizures for children STEVEN JOHNSON SYNDROME Adverse Effects: withdrawal triggers seizures, CNS depression, GI upset, suicidal behavior, Gabapentin correct answer: Blocks voltage-gated l-type Ca2+ channels--treat generalized seizures except for absence Little drug interaction/mild side effects Less effective compared to other AEDs No hepatic metabolism (excreted unchanged in urine) Adverse Effects: withdrawal triggers seizures, CNS depression, GI upset, suicidal behavior Lacosamide correct answer: Blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels--bind to slow inactivated state--treats focal/secondarily generalized seizures Adverse Effects: withdrawal triggers seizures, CNS depression, GI upset, suicidal behavior Lamotrigine correct answer: Blocks Na+ channels--treats focal/secondarily generalized seizures