Underwater Archaeology

Maritime Archaeology - Correct Anwers"The scientific study, through surviving material evidence, of all aspects of sea faring: ships, boats, their equipment; cargoes, catches or passengers carried on them, and the economic systems within which they were operating..." Archaeology under water - Correct Anwersdistinct from maritime archaeology in that it includes "...those sites which are not concerned directly with maritime activities, notably submerged ancient land surfaces." -civilizations that are now underwater due to environmental changes Potentials of Archaeology underwater - Correct Anwers-pristine time capsule from the past - time frozen -undisturbed by subsequent human activity - continuous conserved landscape underwater -can represent time periods that are unknown or deeply buried on land -unique preservation of material remains *Great lakes - cold, freshwater, preserves really well, can find 10000 year old trees fully preserved What is NOT Archaeology? - Correct Anwers-Salvage --removal of materials for their monetary value -Souvenir Collecting --casual removal of materials for personal use -treasure hunting --fortune and glory for profit -Scuba diving --souvenir collecting or simple movement and modification George F. Bass - Correct AnwersA Plea for Historical Particularism in Nautical Archaeology -While anthropologically oriented archaeologist continue to talk about what they plan to do next, perhaps drawing up a research design, I plan to train a number of nautical archaeologists of particularist persuasion to begin the careful excavation of new world shipwrecks before the best are all destroyed by treasure hunters Richard A Gould - Correct AnwersArchaeology and the Social History of Ships -The archaeological study of shipwrecks requires approaches common to the natural, social and historical sciences. Most shipwreck and maritime archaeological research so far has employed scientific techniques but not social-scientific hypotheses Terrestrial Research - Correct Anwers-Prehistoric -Principally occupation and extraction sites -realm of anthropology and archaeology -generalizable -scientific -theory laden -tell us how people lived in the past using civilizations Underwater Research - Correct Anwers-historic -principally nautical and wrecks -realm of history or historical archaeology -particularistic -humanistic -theory lite