People of AP World History, Exam Preview, Approved. Here are some key people to remember for AP World History. They come from the back of the book "The Earth And Its Peoples."

People of AP World History, Exam Preview, Approved. Here are some key people to remember for AP World History. They come from the back of the book "The Earth And Its Peoples." Emilio Aguinaldo - -Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain in . He proclaimed the Philippines independent in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the US army in 1901. Akbar I - -Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire (r. ). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of concilation with Hindus. Akhenaten - -Egyptian pharaoh (r. BCE). He built a new capital at Amarna, fostered a new style of naturalistic art, and created a religious revolution by imposing worship of the sun-disk. Alexander the Great - -King of Macedonia in northern Greece, Between 334 and 323 BCE, he conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus Valley, founded many Greek-style cities, and spread Greek culture across the Middle East. Salvador Allende - -Socialist politician elected president of Chile in 1970 and overthrown by the military in 1973. He died during the military attack. Richard Arkwright - -English inventor and entrepreneur who became the wealthiest and most successful textile manufacturer of the early Industrial Revolution. He invented the water frame. Ashoka - -Third ruler of the Mauryan Empire in India (r. 270-232 BCE). He converted to Buddhism and broadcast his precepts on inscribed stones and pillars, the earliest surviving Indian writing. Atahualpa - -Last ruling Inca emperor of Peru. He was executed by the Spanish. Octavian - -Founder of the Roman Principate. After defeating all rivals between 31 BCE and 14 CE, he laid the groundwork for several centuries of stability and prosperity in the Roman Empire. Also called Augustus. Emiliano Zapata - -Revolutionary and leader of peasants in the Mexican Revolution. He mobilized landless peasants in south-central Mexico in an attempt to seize and divide the lands of the wealthy landowners. Though successful for a time, he was ultimately defeated and assassinated. Zheng He - -An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships though the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa. Faisal I - -Arab prince, leader of the Arab Revolt in World War I. The British made him king of Iraq in 1921, and he reigned under British protection until 1933. Benjamin Franklin - -American intellectual, inventor, and politician. He helped negotiate French support for the American Revolution. Thomas Edison - -American inventor best known for inventing the electric lightbulb, acoustic recording on wax cylinders, and motion pictures. Albert Einstein - -German physicist who developed the theory of relativity. Yamagata Aritomo - -One of the leaders of the Meiji Restoration. Yongle - -He sponsored the building of the Forbidden City, a huge encyclopedia project, the expeditions of Zheng He, and the reopening of China's borders to trade and travel. Yuan Shikai - -Chinese general and first president of the Chinese Republic (). He stood in the way of Sun Yat-sen's movement. Ibn Battuta - -Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan. Hipolito Irigoyen - -Argentine politician, president of Argentina from and . The first president elected by universal male suffrage, he began his presidency as a reformer, but later became conservative. Napoleon Bonaparte - -Overthrew French Directory in 1799 and became emperor of the French in 1804. Failed to defeat Great Britain and abdicatd in 1914. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in exile. Nasir al-Din Tusi - -Persian mathematician and cosmologist whose academy near Tabriz provided the model for the movement of the planets that helped to inspire the Copernician model of the solar system. Jawaharlal Nehru - -Indian statesman. He succeeded Gandhi as the leader of the Indian National Congress. He negotiated the end of British colonial rule in India and became India's first prime minister (). Alexander Nevskii - -Prince of Novgorod (r. ). He submitted to the invading Mongols in 1240 and received recognition as the leader of the Russian princes under the Golden Horde. Hammurabi - -Amorite ruler of Babylon (r. BCE). He conquered many city-states in southern and northern Mesopotamia and is best known for a code of laws, inscribed on a black stone pillar, illustrating the principles to be used in legal cases. Hatshepsut - -Queen of Egypt (r. BCE). She dispatched a naval expedition down the Red Sea to Punt, the faraway source of myrrh. There is evidence of opposition to a woman as a ruler, and after her death her name and image were frequently defaced. Henry the Navigator - -Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa. Herodotus - -Heir to the technique of historia ("investigation") developed by Greeks in the late Archaic period. He came from a Greek community in Anatolia and traveled extensively, collecting information in western Asia and the Mediterranean lands. He traced the antecedents of and chronicled the Persian Wars, thus originating the Western tradition of historical writing. Theodor Herzl - -Austrian journalist and founder of the Zionist movement urging the creation of a Jewish national homeland in Palestine. Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla - -Mexican priest who led the first stage of the Mexican independence war in 1810. He was captured and executed in 1811. Adolf Hitler - -Born in Austria, he became a radical German nationalist during World War I. He led the Nazi party in the 1920s and became dictator of Germany in 1933. He led Europe into World War II. Saddam Hussein - -President of Iraq from 1979 until overthrown by an American-led invasion in 2003. Waged war on Iran from . His invasion of Kuwait in 1990 was repulsed in the Persian Gulf War in 1991. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini - -Shiite philosopher and cleric who led the overthrow of the shah of Iran in 1979 and created an Islamic republic. Khubilai Khan - -Last of the Mongol Great Khans (r. ) and founder of the Yuan Empire. Getulio Vargas - -Dictator of Brazil from and . Defeated in the presidential election of 1930, he overthrew the government and created the Estado Novo (New State), a dictatorship that emphasized industrialization and helped the urban poor but did little to alleviate the problems of the peasants. Pancho Villa - -A popular leader during the Mexican Revolution. An outlaw in his youth, when the revolution started, he formed a cavalry army in the north of Mexico and fought for the rights of the landless in collaboration with Zapata. He was assassinated in 1923. George Washington - -Military commander of the American Revolution. He was the first elected president of the United States (). James Watt - -Scot who invented the condenser and other improvements that made the steam engine a practical source of power for industry and transportation. The watt, an electrical measurement, is named after him.