NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam Study Guide

NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam Study Guide Epigenetics 1) Defects IinItheIencoding Iof histone-modifying Iproteins I(Chp I6 IandI12IwkI1) Histone modification (e.g.,Ihistone acetylation and deacetylation, alterations in chromatin): Chromatin compaction and organization help to regulate gene expression, determining and maintaining cell identity. Chromatin structure must be controlled in self-renewing and differentiated cells in cell renewal systems. For example, there are differences in chromatin structure in stem cells and terminally differentiated cells  are chemical modifications of DNA sequences that alter the expression of genes, resulting in disease and phenotypical variations (upon genetics)  types of epigenetic modifications  > DNA modification > histone modification > Microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) or mature miRNAs > specific environmental or non-genetic factors, such as diet and exposure to certain chemicals can affect epigenetic  Histone modifications- in diverse biological processes such as transcriptional activation/inactivation, chromosome packaging, and DNA damage/repair.  Histone modifications (e.g. histone acetylation and deacetylation, chromatin alterations)- Chromatin compaction and organization help to regulate gene expression, determining and maintaining cell identity  quantitative detection of various histone modifications- would provide useful information for a better understanding of epigenetic regulation of cellular processes and the development of histone modifying enzyme-targeted drugs.  Histone Modification- Results: > Histone acetylation and deacetylation > alterations in chromatin