TEST BANK
Campbell Biology AP® School Edition
Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, & Robert B. Jackson
9th Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction Themes in the Study of Life 1
Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life 18
Chapter 3 Water and Life 40
Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life 60
Chapter 5 The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules 81
Chapter 6 A Tour of the Cell 108
Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Function 127
Chapter 8 An Introduction to Metabolism 148
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation 169
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis 195
Chapter 11 Cell Communication 215
Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle 232
Chapter 13 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles 252
Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea 270
Chapter 15 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance 290
Chapter 16 The Molecular Basis of Inheritance 306
Chapter 17 From Gene to Protein 320
Chapter 18 Regulation of Gene Expression 342
Chapter 19 Viruses 366
Chapter 20 Biotechnology 380
Chapter 21 Genomes and Their Evolution 399
Chapter 22 Descent with Modification A Darwinian View of Life 411
Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations 427
Chapter 24 The Origin of Species 449
Chapter 25 The History of Life on Earth 468
Chapter 26 Phylogeny and the Tree of Life 491
Chapter 27 Bacteria and Archaea 512
Chapter 28 Protists 535
Chapter 29 Plant Diversity I How Plants Colonized Land 555
Chapter 30 Plant Diversity II The Evolution of Seed Plants 576
Chapter 31 Fungi 602
Chapter 32 An Overview of Animal Diversity 626
Chapter 33 An Introduction to Invertebrates 648
Chapter 34 The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates 672
Chapter 35 Plant Structure, Growth, and Development 700
Chapter 36 Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants 715
Chapter 37 Soil and Plant Nutrition 734
Chapter 38 Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology 753
,Chapter 39 Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals 772
Chapter 40 Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function 796
Chapter 41 Animal Nutrition 813
Chapter 42 Circulation and Gas Exchange 828
Chapter 43 The Immune System 848
Chapter 44 Osmoregulation and Excretion 871
Chapter 45 Hormones and the Endocrine System 886
Chapter 46 Animal Reproduction 902
Chapter 47 Animal Development 923
Chapter 48 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling 943
Chapter 49 Nervous Systems 960
Chapter 50 Sensory and Motor Mechanisms 975
Chapter 51 Animal Behavior 994
Chapter 52 An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere 1012
Chapter 53 Population Ecology 1032
Chapter 54 Community Ecology 1056
Chapter 55 Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology 1075
Chapter 56 Conservation Biology and Global Change 1094
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,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Campbell Biology, 9th AP® School Edition (Reece 2012)
Chapter 1—Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1) A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a
A) biosystem.
B) community.
C) population.
D) ecosystem.
E) family.
ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
2) Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For example,
plant chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight to
A) the energy of motion.
B) carbon dioxide and water.
C) chemical energy.
D) oxygen.
E) kinetic energy.
ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
3) The main source of energy for producers in an ecosystem is
A) light energy.
B) kinetic energy.
C) thermal energy.
D) chemical energy.
E) ATP.
ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
4) Which of the following types of cells utilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their genetic
material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?
A) animal
B) plant
C) archaea
D) fungi
E) protists
ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Application/Analysis
5) To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular structure
of DNA. This is an example of the application of which concept to the study of biology?
A) evolution
B) emergent properties
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Test Bank - Campbell Biology, 9th AP® School Edition (Reece 2012)
C) reductionism
D) the cell theory
E) feedback regulation
ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Application/Analysis
6) Once labor begins in childbirth, contractions increase in intensity and frequency until
delivery. The increasing labor contractions of childbirth are an example of which type of
regulation?
A) a bioinformatic system
B) positive feedback
C) negative feedback
D) feedback inhibition
E) enzymatic catalysis
ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Application/Analysis
7) When the body's blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin and, as a result, the
blood glucose level declines. When the blood glucose level is low, the pancreas secretes
glucagon and, as a result, the blood glucose level rises. Such regulation of the blood glucose
level is the result of
A) catalytic feedback.
B) positive feedback.
C) negative feedback.
D) bioinformatic regulation.
E) protein-protein interactions.
ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Application/Analysis
8) Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms?
A) informatics
B) schematic biology
C) taxonomy
D) genomics
E) evolution
ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
9) Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following features in common?
A) a membrane-bounded nucleus
B) a cell wall made of cellulose
C) ribosomes
D) flagella or cilia that contain microtubules
E) linear chromosomes made of DNA and protein
ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
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Test Bank - Campbell Biology, 9th AP® School Edition (Reece 2012)
10) Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains?
A) Bacteria and Eukarya
B) Archaea and Monera
C) Eukarya and Monera
D) Bacteria and Protista
E) Bacteria and Archaea
ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
11) Global warming, as demonstrated by observations such as melting of glaciers and increasing
CO2 levels, and increasing average ambient temperatures, has already had many effects on
living organisms. Which of the following might best offer a solution to this problem?
A) Continue to measure these and other parameters of the problem.
B) Increase the abilities of animals to migrate to more suitable habitats.
C) Do nothing; nature will attain its own balance.
D) Limit the burning of fossil fuels and regulate our loss of forested areas.
E) Recycle as much as possible.
ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Synthesis/Evaluation
12) A water sample from a hot thermal vent contained a single-celled organism that had a cell
wall but lacked a nucleus. What is its most likely classification?
A) Eukarya
B) Archaea
C) Animalia
D) Protista
E) Fungi
ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Application/Analysis
13) A filamentous organism has been isolated from decomposing organic matter. This organism
has a cell wall but no chloroplasts. How would you classify this organism?
A) domain Bacteria, kingdom Prokaryota
B) domain Archaea, kingdom Bacteria
C) domain Eukarya, kingdom Plantae
D) domain Eukarya, kingdom Protista
E) domain Eukarya, kingdom Fungi
ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Application/Analysis
14) Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life?
A) ubiquitous use of catalysts by living systems
B) near universality of the genetic code
C) structure of the nucleus
D) structure of cilia
E) structure of chloroplasts
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3|Page
https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/AllStudyGuides
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Campbell Biology, 9th AP® School Edition (Reece 2012)
ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Application/Analysis
15) Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection?
A) It requires genetic variation.
B) It results in descent with modification.
C) It involves differential reproductive success.
D) It results in descent with modification and involves differential reproductive
success.
E) It requires genetic variation, results in descent with modification, and involves
differential reproductive success.
ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
16) Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification that stated that
organisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess
A) non-heritable traits that enhance their survival in the local environment.
B) non-heritable traits that enhance their reproductive success in the local
environment.
C) non-heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local
environment.
D) heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local
environment.
E) heritable traits that decrease their survival and reproductive success in the local
environment.
ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
17) Which of these individuals is likely to be most successful in an evolutionary sense?
A) a reproductively sterile individual who never falls ill
B) an organism that dies after five days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom
survive to reproduce
C) a male who mates with 20 females and fathers one offspring
D) an organism that lives 100 years and leaves two offspring, both of whom survive to
reproduce
E) a female who mates with 20 males and produces one offspring that lives to
reproduce
ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Application/Analysis
18) In a hypothetical world, every 50 years python snakes over 4 feet long are eliminated from
the population before they reproduce. Based on your knowledge of natural selection, you
would predict that the average length of the python population will
A) remain unchanged.
B) gradually decline.
C) rapidly decline.
D) gradually increase.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
4|Page
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, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Campbell Biology, 9th AP® School Edition (Reece 2012)
E) rapidly increase.
ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Application/Analysis
19) Through time, the lineage that led to modern whales shows a change from four-limbed land
animals to aquatic animals with two limbs that function as flippers. This change is best
explained by
A) natural philosophy.
B) reductionism.
C) the hierarchy of the biological organization of life.
D) natural selection.
E) feedback inhibition.
ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Application/Analysis
20) What is the major difference between a kingdom and a domain?
A) A kingdom can include several subgroups known as domains.
B) All eukarya belong to one domain.
C) All prokaryotes belong to one domain.
D) The importance of fungi has led scientists to make them the whole of one domain.
E) Only organisms that produce their own food belong to one of the domains.
ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
21) Which of the following best describes what occurred after the publication of Charles
Darwin's On the Origin of Species?
A) The book received little attention except from a small scientific community.
B) The book was banned from schools.
C) The book was widely discussed and disseminated.
D) The book's authorship was disputed.
E) The book was discredited by most scientists.
ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
22) Why is Darwin considered original in his thinking?
A) He provided examples of organisms that had evolved over time.
B) He demonstrated that evolution is continuing to occur now.
C) He described the relationship between genes and evolution.
D) He proposed the mechanism that explained how evolution takes place.
E) He observed that organisms produce large numbers of offspring.
ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
23) Darwin's finches, collected from the Galápagos Islands, illustrate which of the following?
A) mutation frequency
B) ancestors from different regions
______________________________________________________________________________________________
5|Page
https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/AllStudyGuides
Campbell Biology AP® School Edition
Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, & Robert B. Jackson
9th Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction Themes in the Study of Life 1
Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life 18
Chapter 3 Water and Life 40
Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life 60
Chapter 5 The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules 81
Chapter 6 A Tour of the Cell 108
Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Function 127
Chapter 8 An Introduction to Metabolism 148
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation 169
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis 195
Chapter 11 Cell Communication 215
Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle 232
Chapter 13 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles 252
Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea 270
Chapter 15 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance 290
Chapter 16 The Molecular Basis of Inheritance 306
Chapter 17 From Gene to Protein 320
Chapter 18 Regulation of Gene Expression 342
Chapter 19 Viruses 366
Chapter 20 Biotechnology 380
Chapter 21 Genomes and Their Evolution 399
Chapter 22 Descent with Modification A Darwinian View of Life 411
Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations 427
Chapter 24 The Origin of Species 449
Chapter 25 The History of Life on Earth 468
Chapter 26 Phylogeny and the Tree of Life 491
Chapter 27 Bacteria and Archaea 512
Chapter 28 Protists 535
Chapter 29 Plant Diversity I How Plants Colonized Land 555
Chapter 30 Plant Diversity II The Evolution of Seed Plants 576
Chapter 31 Fungi 602
Chapter 32 An Overview of Animal Diversity 626
Chapter 33 An Introduction to Invertebrates 648
Chapter 34 The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates 672
Chapter 35 Plant Structure, Growth, and Development 700
Chapter 36 Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants 715
Chapter 37 Soil and Plant Nutrition 734
Chapter 38 Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology 753
,Chapter 39 Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals 772
Chapter 40 Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function 796
Chapter 41 Animal Nutrition 813
Chapter 42 Circulation and Gas Exchange 828
Chapter 43 The Immune System 848
Chapter 44 Osmoregulation and Excretion 871
Chapter 45 Hormones and the Endocrine System 886
Chapter 46 Animal Reproduction 902
Chapter 47 Animal Development 923
Chapter 48 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling 943
Chapter 49 Nervous Systems 960
Chapter 50 Sensory and Motor Mechanisms 975
Chapter 51 Animal Behavior 994
Chapter 52 An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere 1012
Chapter 53 Population Ecology 1032
Chapter 54 Community Ecology 1056
Chapter 55 Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology 1075
Chapter 56 Conservation Biology and Global Change 1094
https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/AllStudyGuides
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Campbell Biology, 9th AP® School Edition (Reece 2012)
Chapter 1—Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1) A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a
A) biosystem.
B) community.
C) population.
D) ecosystem.
E) family.
ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
2) Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For example,
plant chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight to
A) the energy of motion.
B) carbon dioxide and water.
C) chemical energy.
D) oxygen.
E) kinetic energy.
ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
3) The main source of energy for producers in an ecosystem is
A) light energy.
B) kinetic energy.
C) thermal energy.
D) chemical energy.
E) ATP.
ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
4) Which of the following types of cells utilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their genetic
material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?
A) animal
B) plant
C) archaea
D) fungi
E) protists
ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Application/Analysis
5) To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular structure
of DNA. This is an example of the application of which concept to the study of biology?
A) evolution
B) emergent properties
______________________________________________________________________________________________
1|Page
https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/AllStudyGuides
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Campbell Biology, 9th AP® School Edition (Reece 2012)
C) reductionism
D) the cell theory
E) feedback regulation
ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Application/Analysis
6) Once labor begins in childbirth, contractions increase in intensity and frequency until
delivery. The increasing labor contractions of childbirth are an example of which type of
regulation?
A) a bioinformatic system
B) positive feedback
C) negative feedback
D) feedback inhibition
E) enzymatic catalysis
ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Application/Analysis
7) When the body's blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin and, as a result, the
blood glucose level declines. When the blood glucose level is low, the pancreas secretes
glucagon and, as a result, the blood glucose level rises. Such regulation of the blood glucose
level is the result of
A) catalytic feedback.
B) positive feedback.
C) negative feedback.
D) bioinformatic regulation.
E) protein-protein interactions.
ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Application/Analysis
8) Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms?
A) informatics
B) schematic biology
C) taxonomy
D) genomics
E) evolution
ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
9) Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following features in common?
A) a membrane-bounded nucleus
B) a cell wall made of cellulose
C) ribosomes
D) flagella or cilia that contain microtubules
E) linear chromosomes made of DNA and protein
ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
______________________________________________________________________________________________
2|Page
https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/AllStudyGuides
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Campbell Biology, 9th AP® School Edition (Reece 2012)
10) Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains?
A) Bacteria and Eukarya
B) Archaea and Monera
C) Eukarya and Monera
D) Bacteria and Protista
E) Bacteria and Archaea
ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
11) Global warming, as demonstrated by observations such as melting of glaciers and increasing
CO2 levels, and increasing average ambient temperatures, has already had many effects on
living organisms. Which of the following might best offer a solution to this problem?
A) Continue to measure these and other parameters of the problem.
B) Increase the abilities of animals to migrate to more suitable habitats.
C) Do nothing; nature will attain its own balance.
D) Limit the burning of fossil fuels and regulate our loss of forested areas.
E) Recycle as much as possible.
ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Synthesis/Evaluation
12) A water sample from a hot thermal vent contained a single-celled organism that had a cell
wall but lacked a nucleus. What is its most likely classification?
A) Eukarya
B) Archaea
C) Animalia
D) Protista
E) Fungi
ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Application/Analysis
13) A filamentous organism has been isolated from decomposing organic matter. This organism
has a cell wall but no chloroplasts. How would you classify this organism?
A) domain Bacteria, kingdom Prokaryota
B) domain Archaea, kingdom Bacteria
C) domain Eukarya, kingdom Plantae
D) domain Eukarya, kingdom Protista
E) domain Eukarya, kingdom Fungi
ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Application/Analysis
14) Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life?
A) ubiquitous use of catalysts by living systems
B) near universality of the genetic code
C) structure of the nucleus
D) structure of cilia
E) structure of chloroplasts
______________________________________________________________________________________________
3|Page
https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/AllStudyGuides
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Campbell Biology, 9th AP® School Edition (Reece 2012)
ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Application/Analysis
15) Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection?
A) It requires genetic variation.
B) It results in descent with modification.
C) It involves differential reproductive success.
D) It results in descent with modification and involves differential reproductive
success.
E) It requires genetic variation, results in descent with modification, and involves
differential reproductive success.
ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
16) Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification that stated that
organisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess
A) non-heritable traits that enhance their survival in the local environment.
B) non-heritable traits that enhance their reproductive success in the local
environment.
C) non-heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local
environment.
D) heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local
environment.
E) heritable traits that decrease their survival and reproductive success in the local
environment.
ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
17) Which of these individuals is likely to be most successful in an evolutionary sense?
A) a reproductively sterile individual who never falls ill
B) an organism that dies after five days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom
survive to reproduce
C) a male who mates with 20 females and fathers one offspring
D) an organism that lives 100 years and leaves two offspring, both of whom survive to
reproduce
E) a female who mates with 20 males and produces one offspring that lives to
reproduce
ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Application/Analysis
18) In a hypothetical world, every 50 years python snakes over 4 feet long are eliminated from
the population before they reproduce. Based on your knowledge of natural selection, you
would predict that the average length of the python population will
A) remain unchanged.
B) gradually decline.
C) rapidly decline.
D) gradually increase.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
4|Page
https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/AllStudyGuides
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Campbell Biology, 9th AP® School Edition (Reece 2012)
E) rapidly increase.
ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Application/Analysis
19) Through time, the lineage that led to modern whales shows a change from four-limbed land
animals to aquatic animals with two limbs that function as flippers. This change is best
explained by
A) natural philosophy.
B) reductionism.
C) the hierarchy of the biological organization of life.
D) natural selection.
E) feedback inhibition.
ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Application/Analysis
20) What is the major difference between a kingdom and a domain?
A) A kingdom can include several subgroups known as domains.
B) All eukarya belong to one domain.
C) All prokaryotes belong to one domain.
D) The importance of fungi has led scientists to make them the whole of one domain.
E) Only organisms that produce their own food belong to one of the domains.
ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
21) Which of the following best describes what occurred after the publication of Charles
Darwin's On the Origin of Species?
A) The book received little attention except from a small scientific community.
B) The book was banned from schools.
C) The book was widely discussed and disseminated.
D) The book's authorship was disputed.
E) The book was discredited by most scientists.
ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
22) Why is Darwin considered original in his thinking?
A) He provided examples of organisms that had evolved over time.
B) He demonstrated that evolution is continuing to occur now.
C) He described the relationship between genes and evolution.
D) He proposed the mechanism that explained how evolution takes place.
E) He observed that organisms produce large numbers of offspring.
ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
23) Darwin's finches, collected from the Galápagos Islands, illustrate which of the following?
A) mutation frequency
B) ancestors from different regions
______________________________________________________________________________________________
5|Page
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