NUR 2392 mdc-2-exam-1-studyguide

Multidimensional Care II Exam 1 Study Guide *The exam questions are not limited to only what is listed on this guide, please refer to your chapter readings and module materials Ch. 21: Principles of Cancer Development  Benign vs. Malignant cells o Benign tumor cells grow due to hyperplasia  Seven warning signs of cancer o CAUTION  Changes in bowel/bladder habits, A sore throat that does not heal, Unusual bleeding/discharge, Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere, Indigestion or difficulty swallowing, Obvious change in wart/mole, Nagging cough/hoarseness.  Cancer development stages of malignancy o Initiation:  Change in gene expression leading to loss of cellular regulation.  Excessive cell division o Promotion  Enhanced growth of an initiated cell by substances known as promoters  Promoters can be hormones, proteins (insulin and estrogen) o Progression  Continued change of a cancer making it more malignant over time This study source was downloaded by from CourseH