Biosynthesis part
Lecture 1: Reactions
Learning Goals:
explain what natural products are (secondary metabolites with beneficial effects to producer,
used by humans in healthcare, agriculture, biotech and chemistry)
explain the difference between primary and secondary metabolism and how they are linked
describe what enzymes and biosynthetic pathways are
recognize that there are fixed building blocks and standard chemical reactions that give rise to
natural products
Caffeine is a neurotoxic to insects!
Cofactors
Prosthetic group:
o Strong (covalently) bound organic molecule
o Holo and apo
Coenzyme
o Not covalentlbound
Classes
Peptide: te recognize by the peptide bond
Polyketide: has O or OH in this meta shape
Terpenes C5
polyphenols
Alkaloids related to N
,Reactions
Lecture 2: acetate pathway
describe the reaction types underlying fatty acid and polyketide biosynthesis, including the
classes of enzymes and the cofactors needed
o explain similarities and differences between the two compound classes
recognize and name the type of fatty acid and polyketide molecule based on signature structural
features (e.g., double bonds, ester bonds, aromatic rings, etc.)
, draw fatty acids based on their numerical symbol or omega nomenclature
understand the concept of starter and extender building blocks, identify their position within a
chemical structure and name them
describe the biological relevance of polyunsaturated fatty acids for humans and name examples
Polyketides (general classification)
C2 units into poly-β-keto chains
Main reaction: aldol/Claison reaction linear
o CoA is altijd the leaving gourp since it is a thiester
o Acetyl-CoA is the starter, Malonyl CoA is the extender because it s more nucleophilic
o Mechanism
Loaidng of Acetyl-CoA and Malonyl CoA
Reduce the compound using NADPH 2X
Water elimination
o Naming of Fat
Numericalnumber
You begin by Carboxylic group
Omega way
Numbering form the last carbon
Acetate formation: ring form
Types
Fatty acids
Polyketdides
1. Macrolides
a. Main function: antibiotic
b. Use acetyl and malonyl CoA
c. Lactones
i.
2. Aromatic Compounds
a. Use acetyl and malonyl CoA
Lecture 1: Reactions
Learning Goals:
explain what natural products are (secondary metabolites with beneficial effects to producer,
used by humans in healthcare, agriculture, biotech and chemistry)
explain the difference between primary and secondary metabolism and how they are linked
describe what enzymes and biosynthetic pathways are
recognize that there are fixed building blocks and standard chemical reactions that give rise to
natural products
Caffeine is a neurotoxic to insects!
Cofactors
Prosthetic group:
o Strong (covalently) bound organic molecule
o Holo and apo
Coenzyme
o Not covalentlbound
Classes
Peptide: te recognize by the peptide bond
Polyketide: has O or OH in this meta shape
Terpenes C5
polyphenols
Alkaloids related to N
,Reactions
Lecture 2: acetate pathway
describe the reaction types underlying fatty acid and polyketide biosynthesis, including the
classes of enzymes and the cofactors needed
o explain similarities and differences between the two compound classes
recognize and name the type of fatty acid and polyketide molecule based on signature structural
features (e.g., double bonds, ester bonds, aromatic rings, etc.)
, draw fatty acids based on their numerical symbol or omega nomenclature
understand the concept of starter and extender building blocks, identify their position within a
chemical structure and name them
describe the biological relevance of polyunsaturated fatty acids for humans and name examples
Polyketides (general classification)
C2 units into poly-β-keto chains
Main reaction: aldol/Claison reaction linear
o CoA is altijd the leaving gourp since it is a thiester
o Acetyl-CoA is the starter, Malonyl CoA is the extender because it s more nucleophilic
o Mechanism
Loaidng of Acetyl-CoA and Malonyl CoA
Reduce the compound using NADPH 2X
Water elimination
o Naming of Fat
Numericalnumber
You begin by Carboxylic group
Omega way
Numbering form the last carbon
Acetate formation: ring form
Types
Fatty acids
Polyketdides
1. Macrolides
a. Main function: antibiotic
b. Use acetyl and malonyl CoA
c. Lactones
i.
2. Aromatic Compounds
a. Use acetyl and malonyl CoA
