ATI Mental Health Final Study Guide

ATI Mental Health Final Study Guide Theories and Therapies • Freud o Psychoanalysis: therapeutic process pf assessing unconscious thoughts and feelings and resolving conflict  Past relationships are the common focus  Disadvantage: lengthy o Personality structure  Id: pleasure principle and reflex action (think hungry newborn crying)  Ego: problem solver and reality tester  Superego: moral component of personality o Defense mechanisms and anxiety  Operate at an unconscious level  Defense mechanisms work by denying, falsifying, or distorting reality to make it less threatening o Experience during the early stages of life determine how you react  Individuals’ lifetime adjustment patterns  Personality traits o Transference vs countertransference • Erikson o 8 stages of development  Infancy (0-1 ½ yrs) – Trust vs mistrust  Early Childhood (1 ½ - 3 yrs) – Autonomy vs shame and doubt  Preschool (3-6 yrs) – Initiative vs guilt  School age (6-12 yrs) – Industry vs inferiority  Adolescence (12-20 yrs) – Identity vs role confusion  Early Adulthood (20-35 yrs) – Intimacy vs isolation  Middle Adulthood (35-65 yrs) – Generativity vs self-absorption  Later Years (65+ yrs) – Integrity vs despair o Development model we use in the nursing assessment o Helps to determine what types of nursing interventions are most likely to be effective • Sullivan o Foundation for Hildegard Peplau’s theory o Purpose of all your client’s behavior is to get their needs met through interpersonal interactions and to reduce or avoid anxiety o Proposed that the nurse-client relationship “facilitates forward movement” for the nurse and the client o Process of nurse working with client is to:  Facilitate the client’s boundary management  Independent problem solving  Decision-making that promotes autonomy by modeling good behaviors and correcting bad behavior • Hildegard Peplau o Art of nursing  Provide care, compassion, and advocacy – enhance comfort and well-being o Science of nursing  Application of knowledge to understand a broad range of human problems and intervene in relieving patient suffering and promote growth o *** Preorientation, orientation, working, termination phase o Determine level of client’s anxiety  provide interventions to lower anxiety  aim to improve patient’s ability to think and function o Peplau established the foundation for the professional practice of psychiatric nursing, she also continued to enrich psychiatric nursing theory and work for the advancement of nursing practice throughout her career • Ellis o Rational-emotive behavior therapy  Aims to eradicate irrational beliefs  Recognize thoughts that are not accurate • Beck o Cognitive-behavioral therapy  Test distorted beliefs and change way of thinking; to reduce symptoms  Most common type of therapy used by therapists  Works under the premise that thoughts come before feelings and actions – therefor the therapist works to change maladaptive thoughts  Cognitive distortions: all-or-nothing thinking, over generalization, labeling, mental filter, disqualifying the positive, jumping to conclusion,