ANCC Exam Prep – PMHNP Latest 2022

ANCC Exam Prep – PMHNP Latest 2022 FH, family tree, pedigree, genogram Tools used in determining likelihood of genetic disorder in family, inheritance patterns, and risk of recurrence in family members U.S. Surgeon General's Family History Initiative Recommended that families know their family history Autosomal dominant conditions may be present in more than one generation and In up to 50% of offspring when one parent is affected (such as Marfan syndrome) Recessive conditions Appear only in one generation Affects individuals who have two copies of a faulty gene, one from each (unaffected) parent Recessive conditions (ex: CF, hemochromatosis) X-linked disorders are caused by faulty genes on an X chromosome (fragile X syndrome, color blindness) Communication process used whenever there is a genetic risk and often involves offering a test that could provide info about the genetic status of the person/implications for the family Genetic counseling Primary role is to offer info and support to persons concerned a out an illness that may have a genetic basis Genetic Counselor There are a total of 46 chromosomes, in 23 pairs Chromosomes Structures of DNA DNA Made up of two twisted, paired strands Composed of sugars linked by 4 nucleopide bases specifying the amino acids that make proteins DNA 4 nucleotide bases Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C) and Guanine (G) Adenine is always paired with Thymine Guanine is always paried with Cytosine Genes Direct the production of proteins Phenotype An observable characteristic of a specific trait and is connected to the generic contributions to that trait Gene therapy Replace a faulty copy of a gene with a healthy copy of the same gene Strong genetic contributions have been found for most psychiatric disorders With a range of 40% to 90% heritability for some disorders (such as ADHD, BD) Most disorders are Multifactorial, caused by both environmental and genetic factors; Single gene disorders are Rare Account for the differences in the way enzymes Metabolize drugs People of Asian descent are required by the FDA to have testing for the presence of HLA-B*1502 allele BEfore being prescribed the anticonvulsant carbamazepine due to risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)