ECS2606
EXAM PACK
+27 81 278 3372
,UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS
Oct/Nov 2021
ECS2606
Environmental Economics
100 Marks
Duration: 2 Hours
First examiner: Dr I. Maloma
Second examiner: Ms. L. Nesongozhe
CONFIDENTIAL
This paper consists of three (3) pages.
Instructions:
(1) Submit your answers as a single document in PDF format. It is preferable for you to type
your answers (Font: Arial 12) and then convert your document to PDF format for submission.
However, if this is not possible, you may also write your answers down and scan them to a
PDF file. Please write legibly.
(2) Start with a cover page stating the module code, ECS2606, and your student number.
(3) This should be followed by your answers to the questions. Note that all questions are
compulsory. There are no elective questions.
(4) Make sure that each question is clearly numbered.
(5) While you are not required to cite your sources, this does not mean that you can simply copy
information from any source. You need to answer the questions in your own words. Plagiarism
will not be tolerated and may result in disciplinary action if detected.
(6) Please ensure that you submitted a declaration of honesty on myUnisa..
(7) Please ensure that your PDF document is NOT encrypted to a “secured” mode and that it is
NOT password protected as these files cannot be marked. Virus infected files will also not be
marked.
(8) After completion of the exam paper, submit your answers in one single PDF document using
the eAssessment tool on cems.myExams portal (https:/cems.myexams.unisa.ac.za/portal).
, Page 2 of 3 ECS2606
CONFIDENTIAL Oct/Nov 2021
SECTION A [50 marks]
Answer ALL the Questions
1. “Efficiency implies cost-effectiveness, but cost-effectiveness does not imply efficiency”
Explain this statement [5]
2. If the net benefits of a particular environmental policy were judged to be regressively
distributed among different income groups, would this be sufficient to oppose the
policy? [5]
The two excerpts below refer to environmental issues in Rwanda. Read the excerpts and
answer the Questions that follow.
Parliament wants further audit into Nduba landfill
The Chamber of Deputies has requested the Office of the Auditor General to make a follow-
up audit of the use of budget appropriated towards management of the Nduba Landfill located
in Nduba sector of Gasabo District, Kigali.
A report of the Standing Committee on Economy and Trade which was adopted by the
Parliament last October indicated that the Nduba landfill, where much of the garbage collected
from Kigali is dumped, posed a major health hazard to the people living in surrounding
areas…… MP Suzanne Mukayijore said that there is water contaminated by the landfill wasted
that infiltrates into the water that the residents fetch for consumption in the nearby community,
an issue that poses heath risk to them. https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/parliament-wants-
further-audit-nduba-landfill
3.1 Briefly explain a criterion for evaluating environmental policy that applies to the
scenario in the excerpt above. [5]
At the launch, Environment Minister Jeanne d’Arc Mujawamariya explained the reasoning and
outlined hoped-for next steps in the effort: “The waste should not be wasted. We should turn
waste into revenues. Once investors generate revenues from recycling waste, we will work
with them to reach the level of providing incentives to households.” The project is part of an
agreement between Rwanda’s Ministry of Environment and the government of Luxembourg
and is also a part of efforts to strengthen diplomatic ties and aid in the transfer of
technology between the two nations. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-
focus/2021/08/28/africa-in-the-news-south-african-economy-energy-production-and-nigerian-
foreign-relations-updates/
3.2 Describe the concept of technology transfer and discuss ways through which
developed countries can implement technology transfer to developing countries. [10]
EXAM PACK
+27 81 278 3372
,UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS
Oct/Nov 2021
ECS2606
Environmental Economics
100 Marks
Duration: 2 Hours
First examiner: Dr I. Maloma
Second examiner: Ms. L. Nesongozhe
CONFIDENTIAL
This paper consists of three (3) pages.
Instructions:
(1) Submit your answers as a single document in PDF format. It is preferable for you to type
your answers (Font: Arial 12) and then convert your document to PDF format for submission.
However, if this is not possible, you may also write your answers down and scan them to a
PDF file. Please write legibly.
(2) Start with a cover page stating the module code, ECS2606, and your student number.
(3) This should be followed by your answers to the questions. Note that all questions are
compulsory. There are no elective questions.
(4) Make sure that each question is clearly numbered.
(5) While you are not required to cite your sources, this does not mean that you can simply copy
information from any source. You need to answer the questions in your own words. Plagiarism
will not be tolerated and may result in disciplinary action if detected.
(6) Please ensure that you submitted a declaration of honesty on myUnisa..
(7) Please ensure that your PDF document is NOT encrypted to a “secured” mode and that it is
NOT password protected as these files cannot be marked. Virus infected files will also not be
marked.
(8) After completion of the exam paper, submit your answers in one single PDF document using
the eAssessment tool on cems.myExams portal (https:/cems.myexams.unisa.ac.za/portal).
, Page 2 of 3 ECS2606
CONFIDENTIAL Oct/Nov 2021
SECTION A [50 marks]
Answer ALL the Questions
1. “Efficiency implies cost-effectiveness, but cost-effectiveness does not imply efficiency”
Explain this statement [5]
2. If the net benefits of a particular environmental policy were judged to be regressively
distributed among different income groups, would this be sufficient to oppose the
policy? [5]
The two excerpts below refer to environmental issues in Rwanda. Read the excerpts and
answer the Questions that follow.
Parliament wants further audit into Nduba landfill
The Chamber of Deputies has requested the Office of the Auditor General to make a follow-
up audit of the use of budget appropriated towards management of the Nduba Landfill located
in Nduba sector of Gasabo District, Kigali.
A report of the Standing Committee on Economy and Trade which was adopted by the
Parliament last October indicated that the Nduba landfill, where much of the garbage collected
from Kigali is dumped, posed a major health hazard to the people living in surrounding
areas…… MP Suzanne Mukayijore said that there is water contaminated by the landfill wasted
that infiltrates into the water that the residents fetch for consumption in the nearby community,
an issue that poses heath risk to them. https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/parliament-wants-
further-audit-nduba-landfill
3.1 Briefly explain a criterion for evaluating environmental policy that applies to the
scenario in the excerpt above. [5]
At the launch, Environment Minister Jeanne d’Arc Mujawamariya explained the reasoning and
outlined hoped-for next steps in the effort: “The waste should not be wasted. We should turn
waste into revenues. Once investors generate revenues from recycling waste, we will work
with them to reach the level of providing incentives to households.” The project is part of an
agreement between Rwanda’s Ministry of Environment and the government of Luxembourg
and is also a part of efforts to strengthen diplomatic ties and aid in the transfer of
technology between the two nations. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-
focus/2021/08/28/africa-in-the-news-south-african-economy-energy-production-and-nigerian-
foreign-relations-updates/
3.2 Describe the concept of technology transfer and discuss ways through which
developed countries can implement technology transfer to developing countries. [10]
