H+/KDrugs
Drug What it affects Mechanism of action
Lansoprazole – proton Amount of gastric acid levels + +
Blocks the proton pumps (H /K ATPase) on the
pump inhibitor in the stomach stomach parietal cells – lowering gastric acid
– used to treat GORD and levels in the stomach
stomach ulcers
Flucloxacillin Bacteria cell wall synthesis Inhibits the cross-linkage between linear
peptidoglycan polymer chains – it binds to
penicillin binding proteins inside the cell wall and
inhibits the last stage of bacteria wall synthesis –
cell lysis then occurs
Co – amoxiclav (clavulanic Bacteria cell wall synthesis -Clavulanic acid is a drug that stops bacteria from
acid and amoxicillin) inactivating amoxicillin.
-Amoxicillin binds to penicillin binding proteins in
the bacteria cell wall which inhibits the last stage
of bacteria cell wall synthesis – cell lysis then
occurs
Dexamethasone – Protein synthesis Crosses membranes and binds to cytoplasmic
glucocorticoid agonist glucocorticoid receptors which binds to DNA and
-Used in induction modifies transcription and hence protein
chemotherapy for acute synthesis which affects cell proliferation (also
lymphoid leukaemia (ALL) have anti-inflammatory traits)
Asparaginase Lack of asparagine Kills leukemic cells due to the depletion of plasma
-Used in induction asparagine as they cant produce it due to lack of
chemotherapy for acute asparagine synthetase. Normal cells are
lymphoid leukaemia (ALL) unaffected as they can synthesise asparagine.
Vincristine Mitosis – mitotic spindle Causes inhibition of microtubule formation in
-Used in induction mitotic spindle, resulting in an arrest of dividing
chemotherapy for acute cells at the metaphase stage
lymphoid leukaemia (ALL)
Mercaptopurine Purine nucleotide synthesis Inhibits purine nucleotide synthesis and therefore
-Used in maintenance alters the synthesis of DNA and RNA. It also
chemotherapy for ALL interferes with glycoprotein synthesis
Methotrexate Cell proliferation Works by inhibiting an enzyme called
-Used in maintenance dihydrofolate reductase which is important in
chemotherapy for ALL making some of the building blocks of DNA
production. By inhibiting this enzyme, it
interferes with the cells ability to repair and copy
itself (also has anti – inflammatory traits)
Adalimumab TNF receptors It’s a monoclonal antibody (IgG1) that neutralises
TNF-α by blocking its interactions with the cell
surface TNF receptors which then decreases
inflammation (by decreasing the vasodilation
which TNF-α causes)
Prednisolone Inflammation It has glucocorticoid properties – therefore
inhibits neutrophil apoptosis, NFxB and other pro
– inflammatory transcription factors and
Drug What it affects Mechanism of action
Lansoprazole – proton Amount of gastric acid levels + +
Blocks the proton pumps (H /K ATPase) on the
pump inhibitor in the stomach stomach parietal cells – lowering gastric acid
– used to treat GORD and levels in the stomach
stomach ulcers
Flucloxacillin Bacteria cell wall synthesis Inhibits the cross-linkage between linear
peptidoglycan polymer chains – it binds to
penicillin binding proteins inside the cell wall and
inhibits the last stage of bacteria wall synthesis –
cell lysis then occurs
Co – amoxiclav (clavulanic Bacteria cell wall synthesis -Clavulanic acid is a drug that stops bacteria from
acid and amoxicillin) inactivating amoxicillin.
-Amoxicillin binds to penicillin binding proteins in
the bacteria cell wall which inhibits the last stage
of bacteria cell wall synthesis – cell lysis then
occurs
Dexamethasone – Protein synthesis Crosses membranes and binds to cytoplasmic
glucocorticoid agonist glucocorticoid receptors which binds to DNA and
-Used in induction modifies transcription and hence protein
chemotherapy for acute synthesis which affects cell proliferation (also
lymphoid leukaemia (ALL) have anti-inflammatory traits)
Asparaginase Lack of asparagine Kills leukemic cells due to the depletion of plasma
-Used in induction asparagine as they cant produce it due to lack of
chemotherapy for acute asparagine synthetase. Normal cells are
lymphoid leukaemia (ALL) unaffected as they can synthesise asparagine.
Vincristine Mitosis – mitotic spindle Causes inhibition of microtubule formation in
-Used in induction mitotic spindle, resulting in an arrest of dividing
chemotherapy for acute cells at the metaphase stage
lymphoid leukaemia (ALL)
Mercaptopurine Purine nucleotide synthesis Inhibits purine nucleotide synthesis and therefore
-Used in maintenance alters the synthesis of DNA and RNA. It also
chemotherapy for ALL interferes with glycoprotein synthesis
Methotrexate Cell proliferation Works by inhibiting an enzyme called
-Used in maintenance dihydrofolate reductase which is important in
chemotherapy for ALL making some of the building blocks of DNA
production. By inhibiting this enzyme, it
interferes with the cells ability to repair and copy
itself (also has anti – inflammatory traits)
Adalimumab TNF receptors It’s a monoclonal antibody (IgG1) that neutralises
TNF-α by blocking its interactions with the cell
surface TNF receptors which then decreases
inflammation (by decreasing the vasodilation
which TNF-α causes)
Prednisolone Inflammation It has glucocorticoid properties – therefore
inhibits neutrophil apoptosis, NFxB and other pro
– inflammatory transcription factors and
