Tyres q pathogens
1- Bacteria
• How they awe classified :
1. Basic shares -
rod , spherical , spiralled shaped .
2. By cell walls -
Gram positive bacteria (purple / blue ) or Gram
negative bacteria (med)
-
tyres or cell walls auect how bacteria react to diueeeetauboiats
2. viruses
↳ non -
living agents which are ultimate parasites .
genetic material q virus takes
• viruses invade living cues
,
over
biochemistry q
on
prodding mane copies
↳ reprove rapidly material
genetic
•
Bacteriophages
-
viruses that attack bacteria
coat
Protein
off
3. protoctista
↳ eukaryotic organisms .
•
parasitic pathogens -
use animals as host
organism
requires it
vector
organism carrying pathogen and
transferring
.
-
•
4 .
Fungi
↳ Eukaryotic , multicellular , saprophytes ( reed or dead matter
)
• Some parasitic , peeling on plants and animals
↳ Stop plants photo syuthesivg , killing them .
contain spores which spuead urge distances , infecting may organisms
.
•
pathogens -
modes y actions
1. viruses - take over on metabolism by injecting viral DNA into host DNA
'
virus replicate
- and burst out q cell iuyectiug other cells .
2. fungi -
Digest hiring cells and
destroy them .
- some procure toxins damaging cells
3. protist take over cells and bureau oven as new
generation / owned
.
-
-
digest and use cen contents as
they neproclue
.
4 . Bacteria -
produce toxins that damage host cells
- break down cell membranes , inactivate enzymes , inleyeue with DNA (stopping replication)
, Animal and Plant Diseases
plant diseases
1 .
Ring Rot -
bacterial disease cy potatoes and tomatoes
by damaging blues
→
gram positive bacterium
→ once infects yield , west wait 2
years
.
TMV stunting
2. virus damaging levees growth and crop loss
-
,
↳ anects photosynthesis .
3- potato blight fungus line protist oomycete P infestans
- -
.
most cells : tubers Nuits
↳ hyphae penetrates destroying bees , ,
↳ no cue out ccuyul Margaret and chemical treatments weave infection risk .
4
.
Black Sigatoka -
fungus disease in bananas
↳ hyphae digests cells turning blues black -
tacky photosynthesis
disease
Resistant strains developed and fungicide control spuead.gr
.
↳
1- Bacteria
• How they awe classified :
1. Basic shares -
rod , spherical , spiralled shaped .
2. By cell walls -
Gram positive bacteria (purple / blue ) or Gram
negative bacteria (med)
-
tyres or cell walls auect how bacteria react to diueeeetauboiats
2. viruses
↳ non -
living agents which are ultimate parasites .
genetic material q virus takes
• viruses invade living cues
,
over
biochemistry q
on
prodding mane copies
↳ reprove rapidly material
genetic
•
Bacteriophages
-
viruses that attack bacteria
coat
Protein
off
3. protoctista
↳ eukaryotic organisms .
•
parasitic pathogens -
use animals as host
organism
requires it
vector
organism carrying pathogen and
transferring
.
-
•
4 .
Fungi
↳ Eukaryotic , multicellular , saprophytes ( reed or dead matter
)
• Some parasitic , peeling on plants and animals
↳ Stop plants photo syuthesivg , killing them .
contain spores which spuead urge distances , infecting may organisms
.
•
pathogens -
modes y actions
1. viruses - take over on metabolism by injecting viral DNA into host DNA
'
virus replicate
- and burst out q cell iuyectiug other cells .
2. fungi -
Digest hiring cells and
destroy them .
- some procure toxins damaging cells
3. protist take over cells and bureau oven as new
generation / owned
.
-
-
digest and use cen contents as
they neproclue
.
4 . Bacteria -
produce toxins that damage host cells
- break down cell membranes , inactivate enzymes , inleyeue with DNA (stopping replication)
, Animal and Plant Diseases
plant diseases
1 .
Ring Rot -
bacterial disease cy potatoes and tomatoes
by damaging blues
→
gram positive bacterium
→ once infects yield , west wait 2
years
.
TMV stunting
2. virus damaging levees growth and crop loss
-
,
↳ anects photosynthesis .
3- potato blight fungus line protist oomycete P infestans
- -
.
most cells : tubers Nuits
↳ hyphae penetrates destroying bees , ,
↳ no cue out ccuyul Margaret and chemical treatments weave infection risk .
4
.
Black Sigatoka -
fungus disease in bananas
↳ hyphae digests cells turning blues black -
tacky photosynthesis
disease
Resistant strains developed and fungicide control spuead.gr
.
↳
