MICROBIOLOGY FINAL TARLETON
STATE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
2 component regulatory system - correct answer -
Autoinducer is excreted by the cell and diffuses
away
When there is a high enough concentration of cells,
autoinducer diffuses back to the cell and binds with
a sensor kinase.
The sensor kinase autophosphorylates at the
histidine residue
The response regulator phosphorylates at the
aspartic acid residue, changing conformation to
expose the DNA-binding domain so that it can bind
to the promoter and influence transcription
16S rRNA - correct answer - A large
polynucleotide (~1500 bases) that functions as
part of the small subunit of the ribosome of
Bacteria and Archaea and from whose gene
sequence evolutionary information can be
obtained; its eukaryotic counterpart is 18S rRNA
,Acidic vs Alkaline on the pH scale (philes) - correct
answer - acidic 0-5.5/acidophile
neutral 5.5-8.0/neutrophile
alkaline 8-11.5/alkalophile
acute - correct answer - New, usually of rapid
onset and of concern, opposite of chronic
adaptive immunity - correct answer - the ability
to recognize and remember specific antigens and
mount an attack on them
Aerobic - correct answer - Process that requires
oxygen
aerobic respiration - correct answer - Requires
oxygen; produces lots of energy (36-38 Units of
ATP)
Algae - correct answer - Grow in soil, on trees and
on the bodies of turtles and frogs; smallest of all
green plants
,Ammonification - correct answer - decomposers
convert organic waste into ammonia
Anaerobic - correct answer - Process that does
not require oxygen
anaerobic respiration - correct answer -
Respiration in the absence of oxygen. This
produces lactic acid.
anoxygenic photosynthesis - correct answer -
Light-fueled conversion of carbon dioxide to
organic material that does not produce oxygen
Archea - correct answer - prokaryotic, live in
extreme environments, all live without oxygen and
get energy from inorganic molecules and light.
most are unicellular
asymptomatic carrier - correct answer - shows no
symptoms
, ATP, NADH, FADH2 fermentation/aerobic respiration
- correct answer - 2 ATP fermentation
38 ATP aerobic respiration
NADH yields 3 ATP
FADH2 yields 2 ATP
Autotroph - correct answer - an organism that is
able to form nutritional organic substances from
simple inorganic substances such as carbon
dioxide.
bacteria - correct answer - Domain of unicellular
prokaryotes that have cell walls containing
peptidoglycan
bacterial cell wall - correct answer - composed of
peptidoglycan
Bacterial growth curve - correct answer - Lag
phase: metabolic activity w/o division
Log phase: rapid cell division
STATE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
2 component regulatory system - correct answer -
Autoinducer is excreted by the cell and diffuses
away
When there is a high enough concentration of cells,
autoinducer diffuses back to the cell and binds with
a sensor kinase.
The sensor kinase autophosphorylates at the
histidine residue
The response regulator phosphorylates at the
aspartic acid residue, changing conformation to
expose the DNA-binding domain so that it can bind
to the promoter and influence transcription
16S rRNA - correct answer - A large
polynucleotide (~1500 bases) that functions as
part of the small subunit of the ribosome of
Bacteria and Archaea and from whose gene
sequence evolutionary information can be
obtained; its eukaryotic counterpart is 18S rRNA
,Acidic vs Alkaline on the pH scale (philes) - correct
answer - acidic 0-5.5/acidophile
neutral 5.5-8.0/neutrophile
alkaline 8-11.5/alkalophile
acute - correct answer - New, usually of rapid
onset and of concern, opposite of chronic
adaptive immunity - correct answer - the ability
to recognize and remember specific antigens and
mount an attack on them
Aerobic - correct answer - Process that requires
oxygen
aerobic respiration - correct answer - Requires
oxygen; produces lots of energy (36-38 Units of
ATP)
Algae - correct answer - Grow in soil, on trees and
on the bodies of turtles and frogs; smallest of all
green plants
,Ammonification - correct answer - decomposers
convert organic waste into ammonia
Anaerobic - correct answer - Process that does
not require oxygen
anaerobic respiration - correct answer -
Respiration in the absence of oxygen. This
produces lactic acid.
anoxygenic photosynthesis - correct answer -
Light-fueled conversion of carbon dioxide to
organic material that does not produce oxygen
Archea - correct answer - prokaryotic, live in
extreme environments, all live without oxygen and
get energy from inorganic molecules and light.
most are unicellular
asymptomatic carrier - correct answer - shows no
symptoms
, ATP, NADH, FADH2 fermentation/aerobic respiration
- correct answer - 2 ATP fermentation
38 ATP aerobic respiration
NADH yields 3 ATP
FADH2 yields 2 ATP
Autotroph - correct answer - an organism that is
able to form nutritional organic substances from
simple inorganic substances such as carbon
dioxide.
bacteria - correct answer - Domain of unicellular
prokaryotes that have cell walls containing
peptidoglycan
bacterial cell wall - correct answer - composed of
peptidoglycan
Bacterial growth curve - correct answer - Lag
phase: metabolic activity w/o division
Log phase: rapid cell division
