1|Page
NURS 6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL AND
MIDTERM 6501|3VERSIONS WALDEN UNIVERSITY REAL EXAM
2026/2027 LATEST EDITION NEW!!!
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which
of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?
......ANSWER......Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that
initiates an action potential? ......ANSWER......Answer: Sodium gates
open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane
potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His
karyotype would reveal which of the following?
......ANSWER......Answer: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband,
what is the nurse looking for? ......ANSWER......Answer: The person who
is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
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An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will
show varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the
nurse explain to the aide? ......ANSWER......Answer: Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse
include regarding cholesterol? ......ANSWER......Answer: Cholesterol
decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its
ability to carry oxygen.
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse
respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene
......ANSWER......Answer: Autosomal recessive
How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma
membranes? ......ANSWER......Answer: By adenosine triphosphate
enzyme (ATPase)
The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular
cation as: ......ANSWER......Answer: Sodium
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results
in: ......ANSWER......Answer: Reduced protein synthesis
What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish
aging from diseases? ......ANSWER......Answer: It is difficult to tell the
,3|Page
difference because both processes are believed to result from cell
injury.
What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that
reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X
chromosome present? Her features include a short stature, widely
spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body
hair. ......ANSWER......Answer: Turner syndrome
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the
cell would most of the genetic information be contained?
......ANSWER......Answer: Nucleolus
The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down
syndrome. What is the nurse describing? ......ANSWER......Answer:
Maternal nondisjunction
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease.
Transmission of this disease is associated with: ......ANSWER......Answer:
Delayed age of onset
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is
the nurse's best response? ......ANSWER......Answer: Pregnancy in
women over age 35
, 4|Page
What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction?
......ANSWER......Answer: Provide growth factor for tissue growth and
development
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair
appearance. Which finding will support this diagnosis?
......ANSWER......Answer: Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4
dihydroxyphenylalanine)
Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of:
......ANSWER......Answer: Decreased ATP production
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse
recalls that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined
by: ......ANSWER......Answer: Plasma proteins
The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+ simultaneously in the
same direction is an example of which of the following types of
transport? ......ANSWER......Answer: Symport
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy
reveals that the fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the
autopsy report to describe this condition? ......ANSWER......Answer:
Tetraploidy
NURS 6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL AND
MIDTERM 6501|3VERSIONS WALDEN UNIVERSITY REAL EXAM
2026/2027 LATEST EDITION NEW!!!
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which
of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?
......ANSWER......Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that
initiates an action potential? ......ANSWER......Answer: Sodium gates
open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane
potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His
karyotype would reveal which of the following?
......ANSWER......Answer: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband,
what is the nurse looking for? ......ANSWER......Answer: The person who
is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
,2|Page
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will
show varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the
nurse explain to the aide? ......ANSWER......Answer: Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse
include regarding cholesterol? ......ANSWER......Answer: Cholesterol
decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its
ability to carry oxygen.
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse
respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene
......ANSWER......Answer: Autosomal recessive
How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma
membranes? ......ANSWER......Answer: By adenosine triphosphate
enzyme (ATPase)
The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular
cation as: ......ANSWER......Answer: Sodium
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results
in: ......ANSWER......Answer: Reduced protein synthesis
What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish
aging from diseases? ......ANSWER......Answer: It is difficult to tell the
,3|Page
difference because both processes are believed to result from cell
injury.
What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that
reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X
chromosome present? Her features include a short stature, widely
spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body
hair. ......ANSWER......Answer: Turner syndrome
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the
cell would most of the genetic information be contained?
......ANSWER......Answer: Nucleolus
The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down
syndrome. What is the nurse describing? ......ANSWER......Answer:
Maternal nondisjunction
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease.
Transmission of this disease is associated with: ......ANSWER......Answer:
Delayed age of onset
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is
the nurse's best response? ......ANSWER......Answer: Pregnancy in
women over age 35
, 4|Page
What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction?
......ANSWER......Answer: Provide growth factor for tissue growth and
development
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair
appearance. Which finding will support this diagnosis?
......ANSWER......Answer: Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4
dihydroxyphenylalanine)
Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of:
......ANSWER......Answer: Decreased ATP production
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse
recalls that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined
by: ......ANSWER......Answer: Plasma proteins
The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+ simultaneously in the
same direction is an example of which of the following types of
transport? ......ANSWER......Answer: Symport
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy
reveals that the fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the
autopsy report to describe this condition? ......ANSWER......Answer:
Tetraploidy
