BIOL 2457 Exam 3 Review Questions and 100% Correct Answers 2026/27 Update (Human
Anatomy and Physiology I) – UTA
Which ion channel opens or closes in response to a change in membrane potential?
a) Voltage-Gated
b) Leak
c) Ligand-Gated
d) Mechanically-Gated
What statement about action potentials is not true?
a) Either threshold is reached or nothing happens.
b) The membrane potential becomes increasingly less negative during depolarization.
c) Threshold is at about -30mV.
d) Voltage-gated Na and K channels are involved here.
A signal to cause your muscle to contract, pulling your hand away from a hot object, would travel along
a) autonomic neurons
b) sensory neurons
c) somatic neurons
d) autonomic and somatic neurons
Select the division of the nervous system that allows you to know that coffee is brewing in another room.
a) sensory
b) sympathetic
c) parasympathetic
d) somatic
A major function of the nervous system is communication that allows our bodies to maintain homeostasis. In many
cases reflexes will occur without our awareness. Which function of the nervous system is bypassed in this case?
a) sensory function
b) motor function
c) integrative function
d) none; all functions occur in reflexes
When processing data to answer this multiple-choice question, you are utilizing the of the nervous system.
a) motor function
b) integrative function
c) sensory function
d) autonomic function
A scientist discovers that a neuron does not have adequate stores of neurotransmitter. What part of the neuron is he
observing?
a) the axon
b) the synaptic end bulbs
c) the dendrites
d) the cell body
BIOL 2457 Exam 3
,Each part of a neuron carries out a specific function, just as different types of neurons are responsible for specific
actions. In the following choices, which paring of neuron structure is paired with a type of neuron that carries out a
similar function?
a) cell body (soma) and efferent neurons
b) dendrites and afferent neurons
c) axons and interneurons
d) dendrites and efferent neurons
There is a lower than normal level of CSF being formed. Using your knowledge of the functions of each of the types glial
cells, you surmise that the are malfunctioning.
a) oligodendrocytes
b) microglial cells
c) ependymal cells
d) Schwann cells
Which of the following statements is true concerning a difference between neurons and neuroglia?
a) Unlike neuroglia, neurons are found in the central nervous system.
b) Unlike neuroglia, neurons have an axon.
c) In contrast to neuroglia, neurons are smaller and therefore more of them are found in the nervous system.
d) In contrast to neuroglia, neurons can multiply in the mature nervous system.
If the myelin serves to insulate an axon, decreasing the loss of electrical signal and increasing speed of conduction, then
which of the following statements accurately predicts where myelin will have the largest effect?
a) Neurons with short axons that relay information of minor importance.
b) Neurons with short axons that relay critical information.
c) Neurons with long axons that relay information of minor importance.
d) Neurons with long axons that relay critical information.
Regrowth of neurons in injured areas of the central nervous system does not generally occur because
a) astrocytes multiply rapidly, blocking potential regrowth of a neuron
b) there are plenty of other neurons to take the damaged neuron’s place
c) inhibitory proteins produced by microglia stop and repair
d) Schwann cells fail to produce a regeneration tube
Which statement is true about the comparison of plasticity and regeneration in neurons?
a) plasticity only occurs in the CNS while regeneration only occurs in the PNS
b) new neurons are formed in plasticity, but not regeneration
c) plasticity and regeneration are both equally likely to occur
d) plasticity involves changes in synaptic strength or number while regeneration involves repair
A cell at rest will be more likely to lose K+ than gain Na+ because the membrane has
a) more K+ leak channels compared to Na+ channels
b) more K+ voltage-gated channels compared to Na+ channels
c) more K+ ligand-gated channels compared to Na+ channels
d) more K+ mechanically-channels compared to Na+ channels
BIOL 2457 Exam 3
, Which of the following choices would result in the greatest flow of ions across the membrane?
a) a large membrane potential
b) a large number of closed ion channels
c) a large membrane resistance
d) a small difference in ion concentrations across the membrane
Ions cross the membrane through channels. What factors will affect the movement of the ions?
a) concentration gradients
b) electrical gradients
c) pressure gradients
d) chemical and electrical gradients
Movement of ions through channels occurs as a result of gradients. If left alone, these gradients would eventually run
down (i.e., reach equilibrium). How do active transporters (pumps) like the Na+/K+ ATPase maintain the gradients?
a) They pump charges only across the membrane, maintaining the electrical gradient.
b) They pump neutral elements (atoms) only across the membrane, maintaining the concentration gradient.
c) They pump ions across the membrane maintaining both electrical and concentration gradients.
d) They pump water across the membrane maintaining osmotic and concentration gradients.
Graded potentials exhibit a number of characteristics including
a) having depolarizing or hyperpolarizing potentials
b) typically being found in cell bodies or dendrites
c) being generated by ligand or mechanically-gated ion channels
d) All of the choices are characteristics of graded potentials.
How can one tell if action potentials are generated by a threshold or suprathreshold stimuli?
a) the suprathreshold will have the largest amplitude
b) threshold stimuli will not always produce an action potential
c) the suprathreshold stimulus will create a higher frequency of action potentials
d) there in no difference in action potentials generated by either type of stimulus
Which of the following is NOT a glial cell of the central nervous system?
a) Astrocytes
b) Schwann cells
c) Oligodendrocytes
d) Microglia
e) Ependymal cells
Which of the following is NOT a function of astrocytes?
a) Produce/assist in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid
b) Maintain the blood brain barrier
c) Maintain the ion environment for action potential
d) Keep neurons nourished
BIOL 2457 Exam 3
Anatomy and Physiology I) – UTA
Which ion channel opens or closes in response to a change in membrane potential?
a) Voltage-Gated
b) Leak
c) Ligand-Gated
d) Mechanically-Gated
What statement about action potentials is not true?
a) Either threshold is reached or nothing happens.
b) The membrane potential becomes increasingly less negative during depolarization.
c) Threshold is at about -30mV.
d) Voltage-gated Na and K channels are involved here.
A signal to cause your muscle to contract, pulling your hand away from a hot object, would travel along
a) autonomic neurons
b) sensory neurons
c) somatic neurons
d) autonomic and somatic neurons
Select the division of the nervous system that allows you to know that coffee is brewing in another room.
a) sensory
b) sympathetic
c) parasympathetic
d) somatic
A major function of the nervous system is communication that allows our bodies to maintain homeostasis. In many
cases reflexes will occur without our awareness. Which function of the nervous system is bypassed in this case?
a) sensory function
b) motor function
c) integrative function
d) none; all functions occur in reflexes
When processing data to answer this multiple-choice question, you are utilizing the of the nervous system.
a) motor function
b) integrative function
c) sensory function
d) autonomic function
A scientist discovers that a neuron does not have adequate stores of neurotransmitter. What part of the neuron is he
observing?
a) the axon
b) the synaptic end bulbs
c) the dendrites
d) the cell body
BIOL 2457 Exam 3
,Each part of a neuron carries out a specific function, just as different types of neurons are responsible for specific
actions. In the following choices, which paring of neuron structure is paired with a type of neuron that carries out a
similar function?
a) cell body (soma) and efferent neurons
b) dendrites and afferent neurons
c) axons and interneurons
d) dendrites and efferent neurons
There is a lower than normal level of CSF being formed. Using your knowledge of the functions of each of the types glial
cells, you surmise that the are malfunctioning.
a) oligodendrocytes
b) microglial cells
c) ependymal cells
d) Schwann cells
Which of the following statements is true concerning a difference between neurons and neuroglia?
a) Unlike neuroglia, neurons are found in the central nervous system.
b) Unlike neuroglia, neurons have an axon.
c) In contrast to neuroglia, neurons are smaller and therefore more of them are found in the nervous system.
d) In contrast to neuroglia, neurons can multiply in the mature nervous system.
If the myelin serves to insulate an axon, decreasing the loss of electrical signal and increasing speed of conduction, then
which of the following statements accurately predicts where myelin will have the largest effect?
a) Neurons with short axons that relay information of minor importance.
b) Neurons with short axons that relay critical information.
c) Neurons with long axons that relay information of minor importance.
d) Neurons with long axons that relay critical information.
Regrowth of neurons in injured areas of the central nervous system does not generally occur because
a) astrocytes multiply rapidly, blocking potential regrowth of a neuron
b) there are plenty of other neurons to take the damaged neuron’s place
c) inhibitory proteins produced by microglia stop and repair
d) Schwann cells fail to produce a regeneration tube
Which statement is true about the comparison of plasticity and regeneration in neurons?
a) plasticity only occurs in the CNS while regeneration only occurs in the PNS
b) new neurons are formed in plasticity, but not regeneration
c) plasticity and regeneration are both equally likely to occur
d) plasticity involves changes in synaptic strength or number while regeneration involves repair
A cell at rest will be more likely to lose K+ than gain Na+ because the membrane has
a) more K+ leak channels compared to Na+ channels
b) more K+ voltage-gated channels compared to Na+ channels
c) more K+ ligand-gated channels compared to Na+ channels
d) more K+ mechanically-channels compared to Na+ channels
BIOL 2457 Exam 3
, Which of the following choices would result in the greatest flow of ions across the membrane?
a) a large membrane potential
b) a large number of closed ion channels
c) a large membrane resistance
d) a small difference in ion concentrations across the membrane
Ions cross the membrane through channels. What factors will affect the movement of the ions?
a) concentration gradients
b) electrical gradients
c) pressure gradients
d) chemical and electrical gradients
Movement of ions through channels occurs as a result of gradients. If left alone, these gradients would eventually run
down (i.e., reach equilibrium). How do active transporters (pumps) like the Na+/K+ ATPase maintain the gradients?
a) They pump charges only across the membrane, maintaining the electrical gradient.
b) They pump neutral elements (atoms) only across the membrane, maintaining the concentration gradient.
c) They pump ions across the membrane maintaining both electrical and concentration gradients.
d) They pump water across the membrane maintaining osmotic and concentration gradients.
Graded potentials exhibit a number of characteristics including
a) having depolarizing or hyperpolarizing potentials
b) typically being found in cell bodies or dendrites
c) being generated by ligand or mechanically-gated ion channels
d) All of the choices are characteristics of graded potentials.
How can one tell if action potentials are generated by a threshold or suprathreshold stimuli?
a) the suprathreshold will have the largest amplitude
b) threshold stimuli will not always produce an action potential
c) the suprathreshold stimulus will create a higher frequency of action potentials
d) there in no difference in action potentials generated by either type of stimulus
Which of the following is NOT a glial cell of the central nervous system?
a) Astrocytes
b) Schwann cells
c) Oligodendrocytes
d) Microglia
e) Ependymal cells
Which of the following is NOT a function of astrocytes?
a) Produce/assist in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid
b) Maintain the blood brain barrier
c) Maintain the ion environment for action potential
d) Keep neurons nourished
BIOL 2457 Exam 3
