, Nur 502 - Advanced Patho
What is a goiter?
enlargement of the thyroid gland
Where does nutrient absorption begin?
A) Esophagus
B) Stomach
C) Small intestine
D) Large intestine
C
Which cranial nerve controls intestinal motility?
A) Trigeminal
B) Glossopharyngeal
C) Hypoglossal
D) Vagus
D
Which of the following statements describes the function of Escherichia coli in the intestine?
A) These organisms feed off undigested food.
B) They synthesize vitamins (e.g., B vitamins).
C) They produce mucus so that feces will pass.
D) They aid with water absorption.
E) Both these organisms feed off undigested food, and they synthesize vitamins (e.g., B
vitamins).
E
__________ emulsifies fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) so that they can be absorbed.
A) Amylase
B) Lipase
C) Bile salts
D) Bilirubin
C
Changes in the gastrointestinal system associated with aging include:
A) increased stomach acid secretion leading to susceptibility of ulcer formation.
,B) increased peristalsis thereby causing diarrhea.
C) reduced liver blood flow and drug clearance.
D) increased intrinsic factor production.
C
An infant is born with an esophageal atresia with a tracheoesophageal fistula. A complication
that can occur is:
A) aspiration pneumonia.
B) inability to suck.
C) bowel obstruction.
D) anal atresia.
A
A 3-week-old male infant is brought to the ER with projectile vomiting and irritability. The
mother said that he seems to be hungry a lot but vomits after, and it has gotten worse over 2-
3 days. She also notes he is constipated. The most likely diagnosis is:
A) intestinal malrotation.
B) Meckel diverticulum.
C) pyloric stenosis.
D) esophageal atresia
C
In which of these scenarios is liver injury most likely?
A) A 55-year-old with a low alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
B) A 45-year-old with an elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
C) A 60-year-old with an elevated alkaline phosphatase and elevated γ-glutamyl
transpeptidase (GGT)
D) A 70-year-old with an elevated alkaline phosphatase and normal γ-glutamyl transpeptidase
(GGT
C
A 50-year-old man is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease. He smokes and drinks a
lot of coffee. What is a likely reason for the development of reflux in this man?
A) Impaired gastric motility
B) Abnormalities in the lower esophageal sphincter
C) Increased sympathetic stimulation
D) Decreased hydrochloric acid inhibition
B
, Clinical manifestations of new onset, uncomplicated gastroesophageal reflux disease include:
A) heartburn.
B) sour taste in mouth.
C) odynophagia.
D) melena.
E) heartburn and sour taste in mouth.
E
When the normal esophageal squamous epithelium becomes metaplastic columnar
epithelium (a precursor to adenocarcinoma), it is referred to as:
A) esophagitis
B) ulcer
C) Barrett esophagus
D) erosive disease.
C
Diagnostic evaluation for causes of gastritis includes:
A) colonoscopy
B) Helicobacter pylori testing
C) barium swallow
D) blood alcohol level.
B
3. The bacterium Helicobacter pylori causes mucosal lining issues by
A) producing urease, which allows bacterial colonization
B) producing urea, which increases stomach acid
C) eliminating protective cytotoxins
D) destroying normal flora.
A
Epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of
A) cholecystitis
B) peptic ulcer
C) pancreatitis
D) gastroesophageal reflux disease.
B
What is a goiter?
enlargement of the thyroid gland
Where does nutrient absorption begin?
A) Esophagus
B) Stomach
C) Small intestine
D) Large intestine
C
Which cranial nerve controls intestinal motility?
A) Trigeminal
B) Glossopharyngeal
C) Hypoglossal
D) Vagus
D
Which of the following statements describes the function of Escherichia coli in the intestine?
A) These organisms feed off undigested food.
B) They synthesize vitamins (e.g., B vitamins).
C) They produce mucus so that feces will pass.
D) They aid with water absorption.
E) Both these organisms feed off undigested food, and they synthesize vitamins (e.g., B
vitamins).
E
__________ emulsifies fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) so that they can be absorbed.
A) Amylase
B) Lipase
C) Bile salts
D) Bilirubin
C
Changes in the gastrointestinal system associated with aging include:
A) increased stomach acid secretion leading to susceptibility of ulcer formation.
,B) increased peristalsis thereby causing diarrhea.
C) reduced liver blood flow and drug clearance.
D) increased intrinsic factor production.
C
An infant is born with an esophageal atresia with a tracheoesophageal fistula. A complication
that can occur is:
A) aspiration pneumonia.
B) inability to suck.
C) bowel obstruction.
D) anal atresia.
A
A 3-week-old male infant is brought to the ER with projectile vomiting and irritability. The
mother said that he seems to be hungry a lot but vomits after, and it has gotten worse over 2-
3 days. She also notes he is constipated. The most likely diagnosis is:
A) intestinal malrotation.
B) Meckel diverticulum.
C) pyloric stenosis.
D) esophageal atresia
C
In which of these scenarios is liver injury most likely?
A) A 55-year-old with a low alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
B) A 45-year-old with an elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
C) A 60-year-old with an elevated alkaline phosphatase and elevated γ-glutamyl
transpeptidase (GGT)
D) A 70-year-old with an elevated alkaline phosphatase and normal γ-glutamyl transpeptidase
(GGT
C
A 50-year-old man is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease. He smokes and drinks a
lot of coffee. What is a likely reason for the development of reflux in this man?
A) Impaired gastric motility
B) Abnormalities in the lower esophageal sphincter
C) Increased sympathetic stimulation
D) Decreased hydrochloric acid inhibition
B
, Clinical manifestations of new onset, uncomplicated gastroesophageal reflux disease include:
A) heartburn.
B) sour taste in mouth.
C) odynophagia.
D) melena.
E) heartburn and sour taste in mouth.
E
When the normal esophageal squamous epithelium becomes metaplastic columnar
epithelium (a precursor to adenocarcinoma), it is referred to as:
A) esophagitis
B) ulcer
C) Barrett esophagus
D) erosive disease.
C
Diagnostic evaluation for causes of gastritis includes:
A) colonoscopy
B) Helicobacter pylori testing
C) barium swallow
D) blood alcohol level.
B
3. The bacterium Helicobacter pylori causes mucosal lining issues by
A) producing urease, which allows bacterial colonization
B) producing urea, which increases stomach acid
C) eliminating protective cytotoxins
D) destroying normal flora.
A
Epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of
A) cholecystitis
B) peptic ulcer
C) pancreatitis
D) gastroesophageal reflux disease.
B
