NR 507: ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM
Asthma b- bcorrect banswer✔✔Chronic bdisease bdue bto bbronchoconstriction band ban
bexcessive binflammatory bresponse bin bthe bbronchioles
What bare b5 bs/s bof basthma b- bcorrect banswer✔✔coughing b
wheezing b
shortness bof bbreath b
rapid bbreathing b
chest btightness
Pathophysiology bof basthma b(5) b- bcorrect banswer✔✔-airway binflammation, bbronchial
bhyper-reactivity band bsmooth bmuscle bspasm
-excess bmucus bproduction band baccumulation b
-hypertrophy bof bbronchial bsmooth bmuscle b
-airflow bobstruction b
-decreased balveolar bventilation
Bronchioles b- bcorrect banswer✔✔smaller bpassageways bthat boriginate bfrom bthe
bbronchi bthat bbecome bthe balveoli
3 blayers bof bthe bbronchioles b- bcorrect banswer✔✔innermost blayer b
middle blayer b- blamina bpropria b
outermost blayer
lamina bpropria b- bcorrect banswer✔✔the bmiddle blayer bof bthe bbronchioles
structure bof bthe blamina bpropria b- bcorrect banswer✔✔embedded bwith bconnective
btissue bcells band bimmune bcells
purpose bof bthe blamina bpropria b- bcorrect banswer✔✔white bblood bcells bare bpresent
bto bhelp bprotect bthe bairways
How bdoes bthe blamina bpropria beffect bthe blungs bin bregards bto basthma b- bcorrect
banswer✔✔the bWBCs bprotective bfeature bgoes binto boverdrive bcausing ban
binflammatory bresponse bthat bdamages bhost btissue
What bdoes bthe binnermost blayer bof bthe bbronchioles bcontain b- bcorrect
banswer✔✔columnar bepithelial bells band bmucus bproducing bgoblet bcells
,What bdoes bthe boutermost blayer bof bthe bbronchioles bcontain b- bcorrect
banswer✔✔smooth bmuscle bcells
what bdoes bthe boutermost blayer bof bthe bbronchioles bdo b- bcorrect banswer✔✔control
bthe bairways bability bto bconstrict band bdilate
alveolar bhyperinflation b- bcorrect banswer✔✔When bair bis bunable bto bmove bout bof bthe
balveolar blike bit bshould bdue bto bbronchial bwalls bcollapsing baround bpossible bmucus
bplug bthus btrapping bair binside
how bdoes bhyperinflation boccur? b- bcorrect banswer✔✔the bongoing binflammatory
bprocess bof basthma bproduces bmucus band bpus bplug bthat bthe bbronchial bwalls
bcollapse baround
Effect bof bhyperinflation bof bthe balveolar b- bcorrect banswer✔✔-expanded bthorax band
bhypercapnia b(retention bof bCO2) b
- brespiratory bacidosis
What bare btwo banticholinergic bdrugs bused bfor basthma b- bcorrect
banswer✔✔tiotropium band bipratropium
What bdo banticholinergics bdo bin bthe blungs? b- bcorrect banswer✔✔These bdrugs bblock
bthe beffects bof bthe bparasympathetic bnervous bsystem b
- bincreasing bbronchodilation
MOA bof banticholinergic bdrugs bfor basthma b- bcorrect banswer✔✔the bparasympathetic
bsystem bis bstimulated bby bthe bvagal bnerve bto brelease bacetylcholine bwhich bbinds bto
bthe bcholinergic breceptors bof bthe brespiratory btract bto bcause bbronchial bconstriction b=
bdecreased bairflow b
- bblocking bthe bcholinergic breceptors bprevents bacetylcholine bbinding bpreventing bthe
bbronchial bconstriction
bronchitis b- bcorrect banswer✔✔inflammation bof bthe bbronchial btubes
3 bcharacteristics bof bbronchitis b- bcorrect banswer✔✔bronchial binflammation
hypersecretion bof bmucus b
chronic bproductive bcough bfor bat bleast b3 bconsecutive bmonths bfor bat bleast b2
bsuccessive byears
Perfusion b- bcorrect banswer✔✔The bsupply bof boxygen bto band bremoval bof bwastes
bfrom bthe bcells band btissues bof bthe bbody bas ba bresult bof bthe bflow bof bblood bthrough
bthe bcapillaries.
results bof bchronic bbronchitis/ blow bperfusion b- bcorrect banswer✔✔cyanosis b
right bto bleft bshunting b
, chronic bhypoxemia
Why bis bthere bcyanosis bwith bchronic bbronchitis b- bcorrect banswer✔✔there bis
bhypoxia bdue bto bunfavorable bconditions bfor bgas bexchange
Right bto bleft bshunting b- bcorrect banswer✔✔when bblood bpasses bfrom bthe bright
bventricle bthrough bthe blungs band bto bthe bleft bventricle bwithout bperfusion
Causes bof bbronchitis b- bcorrect banswer✔✔-long bterm bexposure bto benvironmental
birritants b
-repeated bepisodes bof bacute binfection b(RSV binfection bin bearly binfancy)
-Factors baffecting bgestational bchildhood blung bdevelopment b(preterm bbirth)
Pathogenesis bof bbronchitis b- bcorrect banswer✔✔-Exposure bto bairborne birritants b
- bIrritant bactivates bbronchial bsmooth bmuscle bconstriction band bmucus bsecretion b
- bTriggers brelease bof binflammatory bmediators bfrom bimmune bcells blocated bin bthe
blamina bpropria
most bcommon birritant bwith bbronchitis bis? b- bcorrect banswer✔✔tobacco bproduct
bsmoke
what bdoes blong bterm bexposure bto birritants bpromote bin bbronchitis? b(5) b- bcorrect
banswer✔✔- bsmooth bmuscle bhypertrophy b
- bhypertrophy band bhyperplasia bof bgoblet bcells b
- bepithelial bcell bmetaplasia b
- bmigration bof bmore bWBC bto bsite b
- bthickening band brigidity bof bbronchial bbasement bmembrane
What bdoes bsmooth bmuscle bhypertrophy bdo bin blungs? b- bcorrect banswer✔✔causes
bincreased bbronchoconstriction
Hypertrophy band bhyperplasia bof bgoblet bcells bdo bwhat bin bthe bbronchials b- bcorrect
banswer✔✔promotes bhypersecretion bof bmucus
What bare bcharacteristics bof bepithelial bcell bmetaplasia? b- bcorrect
banswer✔✔squamous bcells bbecome bnonciliated band bare bless bprotective; ballow
bpassage bof btoxins band bWBCs
What bdoes bthe bmigration bof bWBCs bto bthe bbronchials bdo? b- bcorrect
banswer✔✔increases binflammation bof bthe bcite band bcauses bfibrosis bin bthe bbronchial
bwall
How bdoes bthe bthickening band brigidity bof bbronchial bbasement bmembranes beffect
bthe blungs? b- bcorrect banswer✔✔leads bto bfurther bnarrowing bof bthe bbronchial
bpassageways
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM
Asthma b- bcorrect banswer✔✔Chronic bdisease bdue bto bbronchoconstriction band ban
bexcessive binflammatory bresponse bin bthe bbronchioles
What bare b5 bs/s bof basthma b- bcorrect banswer✔✔coughing b
wheezing b
shortness bof bbreath b
rapid bbreathing b
chest btightness
Pathophysiology bof basthma b(5) b- bcorrect banswer✔✔-airway binflammation, bbronchial
bhyper-reactivity band bsmooth bmuscle bspasm
-excess bmucus bproduction band baccumulation b
-hypertrophy bof bbronchial bsmooth bmuscle b
-airflow bobstruction b
-decreased balveolar bventilation
Bronchioles b- bcorrect banswer✔✔smaller bpassageways bthat boriginate bfrom bthe
bbronchi bthat bbecome bthe balveoli
3 blayers bof bthe bbronchioles b- bcorrect banswer✔✔innermost blayer b
middle blayer b- blamina bpropria b
outermost blayer
lamina bpropria b- bcorrect banswer✔✔the bmiddle blayer bof bthe bbronchioles
structure bof bthe blamina bpropria b- bcorrect banswer✔✔embedded bwith bconnective
btissue bcells band bimmune bcells
purpose bof bthe blamina bpropria b- bcorrect banswer✔✔white bblood bcells bare bpresent
bto bhelp bprotect bthe bairways
How bdoes bthe blamina bpropria beffect bthe blungs bin bregards bto basthma b- bcorrect
banswer✔✔the bWBCs bprotective bfeature bgoes binto boverdrive bcausing ban
binflammatory bresponse bthat bdamages bhost btissue
What bdoes bthe binnermost blayer bof bthe bbronchioles bcontain b- bcorrect
banswer✔✔columnar bepithelial bells band bmucus bproducing bgoblet bcells
,What bdoes bthe boutermost blayer bof bthe bbronchioles bcontain b- bcorrect
banswer✔✔smooth bmuscle bcells
what bdoes bthe boutermost blayer bof bthe bbronchioles bdo b- bcorrect banswer✔✔control
bthe bairways bability bto bconstrict band bdilate
alveolar bhyperinflation b- bcorrect banswer✔✔When bair bis bunable bto bmove bout bof bthe
balveolar blike bit bshould bdue bto bbronchial bwalls bcollapsing baround bpossible bmucus
bplug bthus btrapping bair binside
how bdoes bhyperinflation boccur? b- bcorrect banswer✔✔the bongoing binflammatory
bprocess bof basthma bproduces bmucus band bpus bplug bthat bthe bbronchial bwalls
bcollapse baround
Effect bof bhyperinflation bof bthe balveolar b- bcorrect banswer✔✔-expanded bthorax band
bhypercapnia b(retention bof bCO2) b
- brespiratory bacidosis
What bare btwo banticholinergic bdrugs bused bfor basthma b- bcorrect
banswer✔✔tiotropium band bipratropium
What bdo banticholinergics bdo bin bthe blungs? b- bcorrect banswer✔✔These bdrugs bblock
bthe beffects bof bthe bparasympathetic bnervous bsystem b
- bincreasing bbronchodilation
MOA bof banticholinergic bdrugs bfor basthma b- bcorrect banswer✔✔the bparasympathetic
bsystem bis bstimulated bby bthe bvagal bnerve bto brelease bacetylcholine bwhich bbinds bto
bthe bcholinergic breceptors bof bthe brespiratory btract bto bcause bbronchial bconstriction b=
bdecreased bairflow b
- bblocking bthe bcholinergic breceptors bprevents bacetylcholine bbinding bpreventing bthe
bbronchial bconstriction
bronchitis b- bcorrect banswer✔✔inflammation bof bthe bbronchial btubes
3 bcharacteristics bof bbronchitis b- bcorrect banswer✔✔bronchial binflammation
hypersecretion bof bmucus b
chronic bproductive bcough bfor bat bleast b3 bconsecutive bmonths bfor bat bleast b2
bsuccessive byears
Perfusion b- bcorrect banswer✔✔The bsupply bof boxygen bto band bremoval bof bwastes
bfrom bthe bcells band btissues bof bthe bbody bas ba bresult bof bthe bflow bof bblood bthrough
bthe bcapillaries.
results bof bchronic bbronchitis/ blow bperfusion b- bcorrect banswer✔✔cyanosis b
right bto bleft bshunting b
, chronic bhypoxemia
Why bis bthere bcyanosis bwith bchronic bbronchitis b- bcorrect banswer✔✔there bis
bhypoxia bdue bto bunfavorable bconditions bfor bgas bexchange
Right bto bleft bshunting b- bcorrect banswer✔✔when bblood bpasses bfrom bthe bright
bventricle bthrough bthe blungs band bto bthe bleft bventricle bwithout bperfusion
Causes bof bbronchitis b- bcorrect banswer✔✔-long bterm bexposure bto benvironmental
birritants b
-repeated bepisodes bof bacute binfection b(RSV binfection bin bearly binfancy)
-Factors baffecting bgestational bchildhood blung bdevelopment b(preterm bbirth)
Pathogenesis bof bbronchitis b- bcorrect banswer✔✔-Exposure bto bairborne birritants b
- bIrritant bactivates bbronchial bsmooth bmuscle bconstriction band bmucus bsecretion b
- bTriggers brelease bof binflammatory bmediators bfrom bimmune bcells blocated bin bthe
blamina bpropria
most bcommon birritant bwith bbronchitis bis? b- bcorrect banswer✔✔tobacco bproduct
bsmoke
what bdoes blong bterm bexposure bto birritants bpromote bin bbronchitis? b(5) b- bcorrect
banswer✔✔- bsmooth bmuscle bhypertrophy b
- bhypertrophy band bhyperplasia bof bgoblet bcells b
- bepithelial bcell bmetaplasia b
- bmigration bof bmore bWBC bto bsite b
- bthickening band brigidity bof bbronchial bbasement bmembrane
What bdoes bsmooth bmuscle bhypertrophy bdo bin blungs? b- bcorrect banswer✔✔causes
bincreased bbronchoconstriction
Hypertrophy band bhyperplasia bof bgoblet bcells bdo bwhat bin bthe bbronchials b- bcorrect
banswer✔✔promotes bhypersecretion bof bmucus
What bare bcharacteristics bof bepithelial bcell bmetaplasia? b- bcorrect
banswer✔✔squamous bcells bbecome bnonciliated band bare bless bprotective; ballow
bpassage bof btoxins band bWBCs
What bdoes bthe bmigration bof bWBCs bto bthe bbronchials bdo? b- bcorrect
banswer✔✔increases binflammation bof bthe bcite band bcauses bfibrosis bin bthe bbronchial
bwall
How bdoes bthe bthickening band brigidity bof bbronchial bbasement bmembranes beffect
bthe blungs? b- bcorrect banswer✔✔leads bto bfurther bnarrowing bof bthe bbronchial
bpassageways
