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OpenStax Psychology 2e Instructor Answer Guide
Psychology
Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology
Review Questions
1. Which of the following was mentioned as a skill to which psychology students would be
exposed?
Answer
D. all of the above
2. Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of the mind were
undertaken by those in ________.
Answer
C. philosophy
3. In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a(n) ________.
Answer
D. proposed explanation
4. Based on your reading, which theorist would have been most likely to agree with this
statement: Perceptual phenomena are best understood as a combination of their components.
Answer
B. Max Wertheimer
5. ________ is most well-known for proposing his hierarchy of needs.
Answer
C. Abraham Maslow
6. Rogers believed that providing genuineness, empathy, and ________ in the therapeutic
environment for his clients was critical to their being able to deal with their problems.
Answer
D. unconditional positive regard
7. The operant conditioning chamber (aka ________ box) is a device used to study the
principles of operant conditioning.
Answer
A. Skinner
8. A researcher interested in how changes in the cells of the hippocampus (a structure in the
brain related to learning and memory) are related to memory formation would be most likely
to identify as a(n) ________ psychologist.
Answer
A. biological
9. An individual’s consistent pattern of thought and behavior is known as a(n) ________.
Answer
C. personality
10. In Milgram’s controversial study on obedience, nearly ________ of the participants were
willing to administer what appeared to be lethal electrical shocks to another person because
they were told to do so by an authority figure.
Answer
B. 2/3
11. A researcher interested in what factors make an employee best suited for a given job would
most likely identify as a(n) ________ psychologist.
Answer
D. I-O
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OpenStax Psychology 2e Instructor Answer Guide
12. If someone wanted to become a psychology professor at a 4-year college, then they would
probably need a ________ degree in psychology.
Answer
D. PhD
13. The ________ places less emphasis on research and more emphasis on application of
therapeutic skills.
Answer
B. PsyD
14. Which of the following degrees would be the minimum required to teach psychology courses
in high school?
Answer
D. bachelor’s degree
15. One would need at least a(n) ________ degree to serve as a school psychologist.
Answer
C. master’s
Critical Thinking Questions
16. Why do you think psychology courses like this one are often requirements of so many
different programs of study?
Answer
Psychology courses deal with a number of issues that are helpful in a variety of settings. The text
made mention of the types of skills as well as the knowledge base with which students of
psychology become familiar. As mentioned in the link to learning, psychology is often
helpful/valued in fields in which interacting with others is a major part of the job.
17. Why do you think many people might be skeptical about psychology being a science?
Answer
One goal of psychology is the study of the mind. Science cannot directly study the mind, because
it is not a form of matter or energy. This might create some skepticism about the scientific nature
of psychology.
18. How did the object of study in psychology change over the history of the field since the 19th
century?
Answer
In its early days, psychology could be defined as the scientific study of mind or mental
processes. Over time, psychology began to shift more towards the scientific study of behavior.
However, as the cognitive revolution took hold, psychology once again began to focus on mental
processes as necessary to the understanding of behavior.
19. In part, what aspect of psychology was the behaviorist approach to psychology a reaction to?
Answer
Behaviorists studied objectively observable behavior partly in reaction to the psychologists of the
mind who were studying things that were not directly observable.
20. Given the incredible diversity among the various areas of psychology that were described in
this section, how do they all fit together?
Answer
Although the different perspectives all operate on different levels of analyses, have different foci
of interests, and different methodological approaches, all of these areas share a focus on
understanding and/or correcting patterns of thought and/or behavior.
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OpenStax Psychology 2e Instructor Answer Guide
21. What are the potential ethical concerns associated with Milgram’s research on obedience?
Answer
Many people have questioned how ethical this particular research was. Although no one was
actually harmed in Milgram’s study, many people have questioned how the knowledge that you
would be willing to inflict incredible pain and/or death to another person, simply because
someone in authority told you to do so, would affect someone’s self-concept and psychological
health. Furthermore, the degree to which deception was used in this particular study raises a few
eyebrows.
22. Why is an undergraduate education in psychology so helpful in a number of different lines of
work?
Answer
An undergraduate education in psychology hones critical thinking skills. These skills are useful
in many different work settings.
23. Other than a potentially greater salary, what would be the reasons an individual would
continue on to get a graduate degree in psychology?
Answer
The graduate degree would be a stronger guarantee of working in a psychology-related field and
one would have greater control over the specialty of that work. It would allow one to practice in
a clinical setting. In general, it would allow someone to work in a more independent or
supervisory capacity.
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OpenStax Psychology 2e Instructor Answer Guide
Psychology
Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology
Review Questions
1. Which of the following was mentioned as a skill to which psychology students would be
exposed?
Answer
D. all of the above
2. Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of the mind were
undertaken by those in ________.
Answer
C. philosophy
3. In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a(n) ________.
Answer
D. proposed explanation
4. Based on your reading, which theorist would have been most likely to agree with this
statement: Perceptual phenomena are best understood as a combination of their components.
Answer
B. Max Wertheimer
5. ________ is most well-known for proposing his hierarchy of needs.
Answer
C. Abraham Maslow
6. Rogers believed that providing genuineness, empathy, and ________ in the therapeutic
environment for his clients was critical to their being able to deal with their problems.
Answer
D. unconditional positive regard
7. The operant conditioning chamber (aka ________ box) is a device used to study the
principles of operant conditioning.
Answer
A. Skinner
8. A researcher interested in how changes in the cells of the hippocampus (a structure in the
brain related to learning and memory) are related to memory formation would be most likely
to identify as a(n) ________ psychologist.
Answer
A. biological
9. An individual’s consistent pattern of thought and behavior is known as a(n) ________.
Answer
C. personality
10. In Milgram’s controversial study on obedience, nearly ________ of the participants were
willing to administer what appeared to be lethal electrical shocks to another person because
they were told to do so by an authority figure.
Answer
B. 2/3
11. A researcher interested in what factors make an employee best suited for a given job would
most likely identify as a(n) ________ psychologist.
Answer
D. I-O
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OpenStax Psychology 2e Instructor Answer Guide
12. If someone wanted to become a psychology professor at a 4-year college, then they would
probably need a ________ degree in psychology.
Answer
D. PhD
13. The ________ places less emphasis on research and more emphasis on application of
therapeutic skills.
Answer
B. PsyD
14. Which of the following degrees would be the minimum required to teach psychology courses
in high school?
Answer
D. bachelor’s degree
15. One would need at least a(n) ________ degree to serve as a school psychologist.
Answer
C. master’s
Critical Thinking Questions
16. Why do you think psychology courses like this one are often requirements of so many
different programs of study?
Answer
Psychology courses deal with a number of issues that are helpful in a variety of settings. The text
made mention of the types of skills as well as the knowledge base with which students of
psychology become familiar. As mentioned in the link to learning, psychology is often
helpful/valued in fields in which interacting with others is a major part of the job.
17. Why do you think many people might be skeptical about psychology being a science?
Answer
One goal of psychology is the study of the mind. Science cannot directly study the mind, because
it is not a form of matter or energy. This might create some skepticism about the scientific nature
of psychology.
18. How did the object of study in psychology change over the history of the field since the 19th
century?
Answer
In its early days, psychology could be defined as the scientific study of mind or mental
processes. Over time, psychology began to shift more towards the scientific study of behavior.
However, as the cognitive revolution took hold, psychology once again began to focus on mental
processes as necessary to the understanding of behavior.
19. In part, what aspect of psychology was the behaviorist approach to psychology a reaction to?
Answer
Behaviorists studied objectively observable behavior partly in reaction to the psychologists of the
mind who were studying things that were not directly observable.
20. Given the incredible diversity among the various areas of psychology that were described in
this section, how do they all fit together?
Answer
Although the different perspectives all operate on different levels of analyses, have different foci
of interests, and different methodological approaches, all of these areas share a focus on
understanding and/or correcting patterns of thought and/or behavior.
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OpenStax Psychology 2e Instructor Answer Guide
21. What are the potential ethical concerns associated with Milgram’s research on obedience?
Answer
Many people have questioned how ethical this particular research was. Although no one was
actually harmed in Milgram’s study, many people have questioned how the knowledge that you
would be willing to inflict incredible pain and/or death to another person, simply because
someone in authority told you to do so, would affect someone’s self-concept and psychological
health. Furthermore, the degree to which deception was used in this particular study raises a few
eyebrows.
22. Why is an undergraduate education in psychology so helpful in a number of different lines of
work?
Answer
An undergraduate education in psychology hones critical thinking skills. These skills are useful
in many different work settings.
23. Other than a potentially greater salary, what would be the reasons an individual would
continue on to get a graduate degree in psychology?
Answer
The graduate degree would be a stronger guarantee of working in a psychology-related field and
one would have greater control over the specialty of that work. It would allow one to practice in
a clinical setting. In general, it would allow someone to work in a more independent or
supervisory capacity.
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