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AGACNP Test #2 Questions and
Answers Latest 2026
COPD Ans: a common preventable and treatable disease
characterized by persistent airflow limitation, usually
progressive and associated with an enhanced chronic
inflammatory response in the airways and the lung to
noxious particles or gases.
Small Airways Disease Ans: Airway inflammation
Airway fibrosis, luminal plugs
Increased airway resistance
Parenchymal Destruction Ans: Loss of alveolar
attachments
Decrease of elastic recoil
Airflow limitation Ans: Small airways disease and
parenchymal destruction
Modified British Medical Research Council (mMRC)
Questionnaire Ans: 0. Not troubled with breathlessness
except with strenuous exercise.
1. Troubled by shortness of breath when hurrying or
walking up a slight hill.
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2. Walks slower than people of the same age due to
breathlessness or has to stop for breath when walking at
own pace on the level.
3. Stops for breath after walking ~100 m or after a few
minutes on the level.
4. Too breathless to leave the house or breathless when
dressing or undressing.
GOLD 1: Mild Ans: FEV1 > 80% predicted
GOLD 2: Moderate Ans: 50% < FEV1 < 80% predicted
GOLD 3: Severe Ans: 30% < FEV1 < 50% predicted
GOLD 4: Very Severe Ans: FEV1 < 30% predicted
PFT classification of COPD Ans: In patients with
FEV1/FVC < 0.70:
Albuterol Ans: Short-acting beta2-agonists
Salmeterol, andacaterol Ans: Long-acting beta2-agonists
Ipratropium Ans: Short-acting anticholinergics
Tiotropium, aclidinium Ans: Long-acting anticholinergics
theophylline Ans: Methylxanthines
beclomethasone Ans: Inhaled corticosteroids
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Milquetoast Ans: Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors
The most common causes of COPD exacerbations Ans:
viral upper respiratory tract infections and infection of
the tracheobronchial tree.
The goal of COPD treatment Ans: to minimize the impact
of the current exacerbation and to prevent the
development of subsequent exacerbations.
indicates respiratory failure in COPD Ans: ABGs: PaO2 <
60 mm Hg with or without PaCO2 > 50 mm Hg when
breathing room air
Asthma Ans: Chronic inflammatory disorder of the
airways leading to airflow limitation.Changes that occur
within the airway 2nd to inflammation:
Bronchoconstriction; Airway hyperresponsiveness; and
Airway edema. Partially reversible
Asthma treatment step 1 Ans: asthma education,
environmental control, and as needed rapid acting beta2-
agonists
Asthma treatment step 2 Ans: asthma education,
environmental control, and as needed rapid acting beta2-
agonists and low dose inhaled corticosteroids or
leukotreine modifer
Asthma treatment step 3 Ans: asthma education,
environmental control, and as needed rapid acting beta2-
agonists and low dose inhaled corticosteroids plus long
acting beta2-agonist or low dose inhaled corticosteroids
© 2025 All rights reserved
AGACNP Test #2 Questions and
Answers Latest 2026
COPD Ans: a common preventable and treatable disease
characterized by persistent airflow limitation, usually
progressive and associated with an enhanced chronic
inflammatory response in the airways and the lung to
noxious particles or gases.
Small Airways Disease Ans: Airway inflammation
Airway fibrosis, luminal plugs
Increased airway resistance
Parenchymal Destruction Ans: Loss of alveolar
attachments
Decrease of elastic recoil
Airflow limitation Ans: Small airways disease and
parenchymal destruction
Modified British Medical Research Council (mMRC)
Questionnaire Ans: 0. Not troubled with breathlessness
except with strenuous exercise.
1. Troubled by shortness of breath when hurrying or
walking up a slight hill.
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 2 | Page
2. Walks slower than people of the same age due to
breathlessness or has to stop for breath when walking at
own pace on the level.
3. Stops for breath after walking ~100 m or after a few
minutes on the level.
4. Too breathless to leave the house or breathless when
dressing or undressing.
GOLD 1: Mild Ans: FEV1 > 80% predicted
GOLD 2: Moderate Ans: 50% < FEV1 < 80% predicted
GOLD 3: Severe Ans: 30% < FEV1 < 50% predicted
GOLD 4: Very Severe Ans: FEV1 < 30% predicted
PFT classification of COPD Ans: In patients with
FEV1/FVC < 0.70:
Albuterol Ans: Short-acting beta2-agonists
Salmeterol, andacaterol Ans: Long-acting beta2-agonists
Ipratropium Ans: Short-acting anticholinergics
Tiotropium, aclidinium Ans: Long-acting anticholinergics
theophylline Ans: Methylxanthines
beclomethasone Ans: Inhaled corticosteroids
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 3 | Page
Milquetoast Ans: Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors
The most common causes of COPD exacerbations Ans:
viral upper respiratory tract infections and infection of
the tracheobronchial tree.
The goal of COPD treatment Ans: to minimize the impact
of the current exacerbation and to prevent the
development of subsequent exacerbations.
indicates respiratory failure in COPD Ans: ABGs: PaO2 <
60 mm Hg with or without PaCO2 > 50 mm Hg when
breathing room air
Asthma Ans: Chronic inflammatory disorder of the
airways leading to airflow limitation.Changes that occur
within the airway 2nd to inflammation:
Bronchoconstriction; Airway hyperresponsiveness; and
Airway edema. Partially reversible
Asthma treatment step 1 Ans: asthma education,
environmental control, and as needed rapid acting beta2-
agonists
Asthma treatment step 2 Ans: asthma education,
environmental control, and as needed rapid acting beta2-
agonists and low dose inhaled corticosteroids or
leukotreine modifer
Asthma treatment step 3 Ans: asthma education,
environmental control, and as needed rapid acting beta2-
agonists and low dose inhaled corticosteroids plus long
acting beta2-agonist or low dose inhaled corticosteroids
© 2025 All rights reserved
