Chemistry: Acids and bases

ACIDS AND BASES

Acids:
Definition: proton donor
Acids undergo ionization.
 Strong acids:
Definition: ionizes completely
Hydrochloric acid ( HC l¿
Sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
Nitric acid (HNO3)
 Weak acids:
 Definition: ionizes partially
Ethanoic acid (CH3COOH)
Hydrofluoric acid (HF)
Phosphoric acid (H3PO4)
 Acid solutions have pH value lower than 7
 H3O+ hydronium ion is responsible for acidic properties of a solution.

Bases
Definition: proton acceptor
 Strong bases:
Definition: dissociates completely
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
 Weak bases:
Definition: dissociated partially
Ammonia (NH3)
Carbonates (compounds with CO32-)
 OH– hydroxide ion is responsible for basic properties of a solution.

Protolytic Reactions
 Transfer of protons.
 Acids and bases react together to form salt + H2O
Protolytic acids
 Acids which are able to donate more than one proton.

Amphiprotic
When a substance can act as an acid and base (conjugate.)




Dissociation