100% correct workings
CMY2601 EXAM PACK
2026 – QUESTION &
ANSWERS
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
, CMY 2601 MCQ & ANSWERS 2025
1. Kemshall (2008:7–8) is of the opinion that the identification of high-risk of fenders has been, and still
is, a problem. This, in the author's opinion, is due to three major issues. Identify the correct options that
describe these issues:
1. designing and implementing a risk assessment tool capable of reliably and consistently identifying
high-risk offenders
2. differing interpretations of what constitutes "high risk" among practitioners and sentencers
3. the opinions of the police, court officials and medical practitioners about who is potentially a high-risk offender
4. establishing sufficient criteria and evidence upon which to base judgements about the future
2. "This perspective of risk has resulted in a constant developing in the pursuit of reliable risk
assessment tools to identify dangerous offenders, the ‘critical few' or high-risk offenders."
Identify which perspective or theoretical approach the above statement forms part of:
1. psychological approach
2. cultural perspective
3. criminological and legal approaches
4. sociological approach
3. Complete the sentence by choosing the correct term:... assessments and treatments often run parallel
to psychological approaches, targeted at those high-risk offenders deemed to have a mental illness. 1.
Biophysical
2. Psychosocial
3. Neurological
4. Psychiatric
4. What does Kemshall (2008:40) refer to as "a mechanism of social regulation in which individuals are
made responsible for their own actions, including their own risks, and for their own self-risk
management"?
1. responsibilisation
2. self-regulation
3. individualisation
4. rationalisation
,5. Complete the following statement correctly by choosing the correct term:
According to the social construction approach the ... can "champion" causes, validate causes and
experiences, demonise particular groups and popularise new fears, risk and dangers. 1. offenders
2. courts
3. media
4. victims
6.Residing in a high-crime neighbourhood that is characterised by gangs and unemployment are factors
that are associated with
(a) personal or personality-related risk assessment factors
(b) social or environmental-related risk assessment factors
(c) crime-related risk assessment factors
(d) victim-related risk assessment factors
7. All risk assessment attempts should be based on the ….. Principle.
(a) Reaction-Risk-Need
(b) Responsivity-Risk-Need
(c) Need-Risk-Reaction
(d) Risk-Need-Responsivity
8. When a criminologist wants to take into consideration whether an offender displays personality disorder traits,
the identification of hereof should be grounded on a
(a) professional therapist such as a psychiatrist or a psychologist's diagnosis
(b) self-assessment and according to the criminologist's risk assessment
(c) crime-related factors such as sadism and a history of violent and aggressive behaviour
(d) risk assessment factors such as criminal associations and a dysfunctional family life
9. Factors such as ... can be perceived as crime-related risk assessment factors.
(a) a lack of victim empathy and an early onset of deviant and criminal behaviour
(b) grooming and a history of violent and aggressive behaviour
(c) a history of deviant sexual interests and pre-occupations and impulsivity
(d) criminal attitudes and the pre-planning of a crime
, 10. Identify which of the following options DOES NOT fit into crime-related factors category for general
risk assessment:
(a) gang involvement, stalking behaviour, history of sexual behaviour, and an early onset of deviant and
criminal behaviour
(b) using force and weapons, victim selection and relationship to the victim, and a lack of insight and
understanding into one's own behaviour
(c) pre-planning of the offence, a criminal history, criminal associates, a low self-esteem, and a lack of self-
control
(d) committing crime in a group context, history of deviant sexual behaviour, and a criminal support structure
11. Which one of the following is NOT a key component of effective risk management?
(1) police intelligence
(2) proactive planning
(3) accredited programmes
(4) targeted planning
12. Supervision and monitoring are an example of which approach?
(1) community engagement risk management
(2) community outreach risk management
(3) community protection risk management
(4) community health risk management
13. Identify the correct statement regarding the prevention and opportunity management.
(1) This approach tends to see the offender as either patients or victims, or both.
(2) Offenders are not viewed as being morally responsible for offences committed.
(3) One target of this approach is to identify potential offenders as they begin offending.
(4) Another target of this approach is to intervene after the offender grooms the child.
14 Identify the correct statement in relation to the National Register for Sex Offenders (NRSO).
(1) The NRSO was established by an Act of parliament in 2009.
(2) The NRSO is a record of names of those found guilty of sex offending.
(3) The NRSO requires employers only in the private sector to do back ground checks of their employees.
CMY2601 EXAM PACK
2026 – QUESTION &
ANSWERS
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
, CMY 2601 MCQ & ANSWERS 2025
1. Kemshall (2008:7–8) is of the opinion that the identification of high-risk of fenders has been, and still
is, a problem. This, in the author's opinion, is due to three major issues. Identify the correct options that
describe these issues:
1. designing and implementing a risk assessment tool capable of reliably and consistently identifying
high-risk offenders
2. differing interpretations of what constitutes "high risk" among practitioners and sentencers
3. the opinions of the police, court officials and medical practitioners about who is potentially a high-risk offender
4. establishing sufficient criteria and evidence upon which to base judgements about the future
2. "This perspective of risk has resulted in a constant developing in the pursuit of reliable risk
assessment tools to identify dangerous offenders, the ‘critical few' or high-risk offenders."
Identify which perspective or theoretical approach the above statement forms part of:
1. psychological approach
2. cultural perspective
3. criminological and legal approaches
4. sociological approach
3. Complete the sentence by choosing the correct term:... assessments and treatments often run parallel
to psychological approaches, targeted at those high-risk offenders deemed to have a mental illness. 1.
Biophysical
2. Psychosocial
3. Neurological
4. Psychiatric
4. What does Kemshall (2008:40) refer to as "a mechanism of social regulation in which individuals are
made responsible for their own actions, including their own risks, and for their own self-risk
management"?
1. responsibilisation
2. self-regulation
3. individualisation
4. rationalisation
,5. Complete the following statement correctly by choosing the correct term:
According to the social construction approach the ... can "champion" causes, validate causes and
experiences, demonise particular groups and popularise new fears, risk and dangers. 1. offenders
2. courts
3. media
4. victims
6.Residing in a high-crime neighbourhood that is characterised by gangs and unemployment are factors
that are associated with
(a) personal or personality-related risk assessment factors
(b) social or environmental-related risk assessment factors
(c) crime-related risk assessment factors
(d) victim-related risk assessment factors
7. All risk assessment attempts should be based on the ….. Principle.
(a) Reaction-Risk-Need
(b) Responsivity-Risk-Need
(c) Need-Risk-Reaction
(d) Risk-Need-Responsivity
8. When a criminologist wants to take into consideration whether an offender displays personality disorder traits,
the identification of hereof should be grounded on a
(a) professional therapist such as a psychiatrist or a psychologist's diagnosis
(b) self-assessment and according to the criminologist's risk assessment
(c) crime-related factors such as sadism and a history of violent and aggressive behaviour
(d) risk assessment factors such as criminal associations and a dysfunctional family life
9. Factors such as ... can be perceived as crime-related risk assessment factors.
(a) a lack of victim empathy and an early onset of deviant and criminal behaviour
(b) grooming and a history of violent and aggressive behaviour
(c) a history of deviant sexual interests and pre-occupations and impulsivity
(d) criminal attitudes and the pre-planning of a crime
, 10. Identify which of the following options DOES NOT fit into crime-related factors category for general
risk assessment:
(a) gang involvement, stalking behaviour, history of sexual behaviour, and an early onset of deviant and
criminal behaviour
(b) using force and weapons, victim selection and relationship to the victim, and a lack of insight and
understanding into one's own behaviour
(c) pre-planning of the offence, a criminal history, criminal associates, a low self-esteem, and a lack of self-
control
(d) committing crime in a group context, history of deviant sexual behaviour, and a criminal support structure
11. Which one of the following is NOT a key component of effective risk management?
(1) police intelligence
(2) proactive planning
(3) accredited programmes
(4) targeted planning
12. Supervision and monitoring are an example of which approach?
(1) community engagement risk management
(2) community outreach risk management
(3) community protection risk management
(4) community health risk management
13. Identify the correct statement regarding the prevention and opportunity management.
(1) This approach tends to see the offender as either patients or victims, or both.
(2) Offenders are not viewed as being morally responsible for offences committed.
(3) One target of this approach is to identify potential offenders as they begin offending.
(4) Another target of this approach is to intervene after the offender grooms the child.
14 Identify the correct statement in relation to the National Register for Sex Offenders (NRSO).
(1) The NRSO was established by an Act of parliament in 2009.
(2) The NRSO is a record of names of those found guilty of sex offending.
(3) The NRSO requires employers only in the private sector to do back ground checks of their employees.
