HESI RN ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2023-2024 ACTUAL EXAM 160 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS
Severe protein and calorie deficiency characterized by low heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature,
dull hair, and emaciated appearance. - (answer) Marasmus
Severe protein deficiency characterized by hair discoloration, enlarged liver, and pitting edema. -
(answer) Kwashiorkor
Loss of lean tissues and muscle mass caused by inadequate protein and calorie intake, resulting in
skeletal muscle loss and diarrhea. - (answer) Protein-calorie malnutrition
Peripheral edema, jugular vein distention, and hepatomegaly due to the inability of the right ventricle to
adequately pump blood. - (answer) Right-sided heart failure
Pulmonary congestion, dyspnea, and decreased cardiac output due to the inability of the left ventricle
to adequately pump blood. - (answer) Left-sided heart failure
Reduced ability of the heart to fill during diastole, leading to heart failure; often caused by conditions
such as myocardial hypertrophy and hypertension. - (answer) Diastolic dysfunction
Most common cause of left-sided heart failure, characterized by sudden blockage of blood flow to the
heart muscle. - (answer) Acute myocardial infarction
Inflammation of the glomeruli in both kidneys, affecting all parts of the glomeruli. - (answer) Diffuse
glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the glomeruli following a streptococcal infection, characterized by hematuria,
proteinuria, and edema. - (answer) Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis
Condition characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, generalized edema, and
hyperlipidemia. - (answer) Nephrotic syndrome
Late stage of liver disease characterized by diffuse liver fibrosis, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, ascites,
and portosystemic shunts. - (answer) Cirrhosis
DETAILED ANSWERS
Severe protein and calorie deficiency characterized by low heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature,
dull hair, and emaciated appearance. - (answer) Marasmus
Severe protein deficiency characterized by hair discoloration, enlarged liver, and pitting edema. -
(answer) Kwashiorkor
Loss of lean tissues and muscle mass caused by inadequate protein and calorie intake, resulting in
skeletal muscle loss and diarrhea. - (answer) Protein-calorie malnutrition
Peripheral edema, jugular vein distention, and hepatomegaly due to the inability of the right ventricle to
adequately pump blood. - (answer) Right-sided heart failure
Pulmonary congestion, dyspnea, and decreased cardiac output due to the inability of the left ventricle
to adequately pump blood. - (answer) Left-sided heart failure
Reduced ability of the heart to fill during diastole, leading to heart failure; often caused by conditions
such as myocardial hypertrophy and hypertension. - (answer) Diastolic dysfunction
Most common cause of left-sided heart failure, characterized by sudden blockage of blood flow to the
heart muscle. - (answer) Acute myocardial infarction
Inflammation of the glomeruli in both kidneys, affecting all parts of the glomeruli. - (answer) Diffuse
glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the glomeruli following a streptococcal infection, characterized by hematuria,
proteinuria, and edema. - (answer) Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis
Condition characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, generalized edema, and
hyperlipidemia. - (answer) Nephrotic syndrome
Late stage of liver disease characterized by diffuse liver fibrosis, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, ascites,
and portosystemic shunts. - (answer) Cirrhosis
