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PUB3707 Assignment 2 (ANSWERS) Semester 2 2025 - DISTINCTION GUARANTEED

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Well-structured PUB3707 Assignment 2 (ANSWERS) Semester 2 2025 - DISTINCTION GUARANTEED. (DETAILED ANSWERS - DISTINCTION GUARANTEED!)..... Read pages 9–12 by Clapper (2014) and perform the following activities: 1) Clapper identifies two mutually contradictory arguments regarding the value of codes of conduct. − Name the two arguments. − Briefly discuss the arguments in the context of the acceptance of bribes by customs officers as mentioned in study unit 1.2. 2) Summarise Clapper’s evaluation of the value of codes of conduct for public servants in about 100 words. − Read what Robson (2014:23–24) writes about codes of conduct. 3) Summarise Robson’s evaluation of the value of codes of conduct for public servants in about 100 words. 4) Briefly compare Clapper’s and Robson’s views on codes of conduct. Clapper’s view • the relation between professionalism and ethical behaviour • the meaning of the concept “informed discretion”. • the possible relation between professionalism and knowledge • the role codes of conduct can play in promoting professionalism Robson’s view • the relation between professionalism and ethical behaviour (briefly compare this to Clapper’s view) • the ethical implications of professionalism and the lack of required knowledge Various statutes have been promulgated and policies adopted to promote virtuous conduct in national, provincial and local governments. Identify at least five of these statutes and/or policies and describe their respective objectives and guidelines. • the professional official in his or her role as advisor to political office bearers Downloaded by Chandrey De Villiers () Directional and aspirational codes of conduct are used to promote integrity in the public service. Compare the work of Clapper (2014: 9–12) and Robson (2014: 23–24) in your prescribed book and motivate whether such codes are suitability instruments to promote ethical conduct. 37 • the implications of an official’s professional status for the quality of his or her work Directional and aspirational codes of conduct are used to promote integrity in the public service. Compare the work of Clapper (2014: 9–12) and Robson (2014: 23–24) in your prescribed book and motivate whether such codes are suitability instruments to promote ethical conduct. • the tendency to anticipate what a political decision-maker wants to hear and to adapt one’s reports accordingly as opposed to making it possible for him or her to make an informed decision Various statutes have been promulgated and policies adopted to promote virtuous conduct in national, provincial and local governments. Identify at least five (5) of these statutes and/or policies and describe their respective objectives and guidelines. • professional criteria for making information publicly available Read pages 9–12 by Clapper (2014) and perform the following activities: 1) Clapper identifies two mutually contradictory arguments regarding the value of codes of conduct. − Name the two arguments. − Briefly discuss the arguments in the context of the acceptance of bribes by customs officers as mentioned in study unit 1.2. 2) Summarise Clapper’s evaluation of the value of codes of conduct for public servants in about 100 words. − Read what Robson (2014:23–24) writes about codes of conduct. 3) Summarise Robson’s evaluation of the value of codes of conduct for public servants in about 100 words. 4) Briefly compare Clapper’s and Robson’s views on codes of conduct. Clapper’s view • the relation between professionalism and ethical behaviour • the meaning of the concept “informed discretion”. • the possible relation between professionalism and knowledge • the role codes of conduct can play in promoting professionalism Robson’s view • the relation between professionalism and ethical behaviour (briefly compare this to Clapper’s view) • the ethical implications of professionalism and the lack of required knowledge Various statutes have been promulgated and policies adopted to promote virtuous conduct in national, provincial and local governments. Identify at least five of these statutes and/or policies and describe their respective objectives and guidelines. • the professional official in his or her role as advisor to political office bearers Downloaded by Chandrey De Villiers () Directional and aspirational codes of conduct are used to promote integrity in the public service. Compare the work of Clapper (2014: 9–12) and Robson (2014: 23–24) in your prescribed book and motivate whether such codes are suitability instruments to promote ethical conduct. 37 • the implications of an official’s professional status for the quality of his or her work Directional and aspirational codes of conduct are used to promote integrity in the public service. Compare the work of Clapper (2014: 9–12) and Robson (2014: 23–24) in your prescribed book and motivate whether such codes are suitability instruments to promote ethical conduct. • the tendency to anticipate what a political decision-maker wants to hear and to adapt one’s reports accordingly as opposed to making it possible for him or her to make an informed decision Various statutes have been promulgated and policies adopted to promote virtuous conduct in national, provincial and local governments. Identify at least five (5) of these statutes and/or policies and describe their respective objectives and guidelines. • professional criteria for making information publicly available Read pages 9–12 by Clapper (2014) and perform the following activities: 1) Clapper identifies two mutually contradictory arguments regarding the value of codes of conduct. − Name the two arguments. − Briefly discuss the arguments in the context of the acceptance of bribes by customs officers as mentioned in study unit 1.2. 2) Summarise Clapper’s evaluation of the value of codes of conduct for public servants in about 100 words. − Read what Robson (2014:23–24) writes about codes of conduct. 3) Summarise Robson’s evaluation of the value of codes of conduct for public servants in about 100 words. 4) Briefly compare Clapper’s and Robson’s views on codes of conduct. Clapper’s view • the relation between professionalism and ethical behaviour • the meaning of the concept “informed discretion”. • the possible relation between professionalism and knowledge • the role codes of conduct can play in promoting professionalism Robson’s view • the relation between professionalism and ethical behaviour (briefly compare this to Clapper’s view) • the ethical implications of professionalism and the lack of required knowledge Various statutes have been promulgated and policies adopted to promote virtuous conduct in national, provincial and local governments. Identify at least five of these statutes and/or policies and describe their respective objectives and guidelines. • the professional official in his or her role as advisor to political office bearers Downloaded by Chandrey De Villiers () Directional and aspirational codes of conduct are used to promote integrity in the public service. Compare the work of Clapper (2014: 9–12) and Robson (2014: 23–24) in your prescribed book and motivate whether such codes are suitability instruments to promote ethical conduct. 37 • the implications of an official’s professional status for the quality of his or her work Directional and aspirational codes of conduct are used to promote integrity in the public service. Compare the work of Clapper (2014: 9–12) and Robson (2014: 23–24) in your prescribed book and motivate whether such codes are suitability instruments to promote ethical conduct. • the tendency to anticipate what a political decision-maker wants to hear and to adapt one’s reports accordingly as opposed to making it possible for him or her to make an informed decision Various statutes have been promulgated and policies adopted to promote virtuous conduct in national, provincial and local governments. Identify at least five (5) of these statutes and/or policies and describe their respective objectives and guidelines. • professional criteria for making information publicly available

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PUB3707
Assignment 2 Semester 2 2025
2 2025
Unique Number:
Due date: 18 September 2025
INTRODUCTION

Ethical conduct in public administration is a cornerstone for good governance,
accountability, and service delivery. In South Africa, codes of conduct and statutory
frameworks have been introduced to guide public officials in maintaining integrity. Scholars
such as Clapper and Robson give important perspectives on how codes of conduct can
shape ethical behaviour in the public service. At the same time, national statutes and
policies provide practical tools to reinforce values of transparency, fairness, and
accountability across all levels of government. This essay will firstly compare the arguments
of Clapper and Robson on directional and aspirational codes of conduct. Secondly, it will
identify and describe five key statutes and policies that aim to strengthen ethical conduct in
South African public administration.




1. DIRECTIONAL AND ASPIRATIONAL CODES OF CONDUCT

Clapper (2014: 9–12) sees ethics as central to the identity of public officials, not as a
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INTRODUCTION

Ethical conduct in public administration is a cornerstone for good governance,
accountability, and service delivery. In South Africa, codes of conduct and statutory
frameworks have been introduced to guide public officials in maintaining integrity.
Scholars such as Clapper and Robson give important perspectives on how codes of
conduct can shape ethical behaviour in the public service. At the same time, national
statutes and policies provide practical tools to reinforce values of transparency,
fairness, and accountability across all levels of government. This essay will firstly
compare the arguments of Clapper and Robson on directional and aspirational
codes of conduct. Secondly, it will identify and describe five key statutes and policies
that aim to strengthen ethical conduct in South African public administration.




1. DIRECTIONAL AND ASPIRATIONAL CODES OF CONDUCT

Clapper (2014: 9–12) sees ethics as central to the identity of public officials, not as a
separate activity but as part of everything they do. He highlights the tension between
personal morality, professional ethics, and formal codes of conduct. Clapper argues
that directional and aspirational codes of conduct should not only restrict behaviour
but guide and inspire officials towards virtuous service. He warns that when codes
are too rigid, they can limit discretion and reduce moral responsibility. In his view,
codes should function as instruments that align personal morality with professional
standards, steering officials toward decisions that benefit the public interest
(Wessels, Pauw & Thani 2014).

Robson (2014: 23–24) takes a more practical approach, stressing that codes of
conduct are necessary tools to clarify expectations in daily practice. He explains that
public administrators need clear guidance because they exercise significant power
and are responsible for decisions that affect citizens directly. According to Robson,
codes serve as boundaries for acceptable behaviour, offering standards that the
public and colleagues can rely on. However, he also warns that codes should not be
overly general or reduced to symbolic statements; they must be formulated carefully,
supported by training, and applied consistently. For Robson, codes are part of a

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